World Bank argues that a structured migration program would prevent forced migration infuture generations, and that Australia and New Zealand should allow open migration forcitizens of Pacific nations threatened by climate change, to boost struggling island economiesand prevent a later mass forced migration... The policy paper, Pacific Possible, suggests asone climate change adaptation measure, open access migration from Tuvalu and Kiribati –for work and permanent settlement – to Australia and New Zealand” (The Guardian)Why should Australia and New Zealand allow open access migration from Tuvalu andKiribati? Provide two reasons using the utility principle as well as one approach toenvironmental ethics

Australia and New Zealand should allow open access migration from Tuvalu and Kiribati for several reasons.

Firstly, using the utility principle, this policy would maximize overall happiness and well-being. By allowing citizens of Tuvalu and Kiribati to migrate, these individuals would have access to better economic opportunities, healthcare, and education, significantly improving their quality of life. This, in turn, would lead to a more prosperous and stable region, benefiting both the migrants and the host countries.

Secondly, from a utility perspective, open access migration would help alleviate the economic strain on the struggling island economies of Tuvalu and Kiribati. As these nations face the severe impacts of climate change, their local economies are likely to suffer. Migration can serve as a vital adaptation strategy, enabling remittances from migrants to support their families and communities back home, thus fostering economic resilience and reducing the likelihood of a future mass forced migration crisis.

From an environmental ethics standpoint, allowing open access migration aligns with the principle of environmental justice. The citizens of Tuvalu and Kiribati are among the least responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions, yet they are disproportionately affected by climate change. By providing them with migration opportunities, Australia and New Zealand would be acknowledging their ethical responsibility to support vulnerable populations who are suffering due to environmental changes largely caused by more industrialized nations. This approach promotes fairness and equity in addressing the global impacts of climate change.