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Which of the following processes occurs during glacial retreat?Group of answer choicesThe rate of accumulation exceeds the rate of sublimationIce flows back toward the origin of the glacierThe position of the glacier's toe (terminus) moves back toward the origin of the glacier, even though ice continues to flow toward the toeThe ice stops flowing and simply melts away

Question

Which of the following processes occurs during glacial retreat?Group of answer choicesThe rate of accumulation exceeds the rate of sublimationIce flows back toward the origin of the glacierThe position of the glacier's toe (terminus) moves back toward the origin of the glacier, even though ice continues to flow toward the toeThe ice stops flowing and simply melts away

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Solution

The process that occurs during glacial retreat is: "The position of the glacier's toe (terminus) moves back toward the origin of the glacier, even though ice continues to flow toward the toe".

Here's a step-by-step explanation:

  1. A glacier retreats when the amount of snowfall (accumulation) in the winter is less than the amount of melting (ablation) in the summer.

  2. Even though the ice continues to flow from the origin of the glacier towards the toe, the overall position of the glacier's toe moves back towards the origin. This is because the rate of melting at the toe is greater than the rate of ice flow.

  3. This process does not mean that the ice stops flowing. Nor does it mean that the ice flows back towards the origin. The ice always flows from the origin towards the toe, but during a retreat, the toe position moves back because of increased melting.

  4. The rate of accumulation exceeding the rate of sublimation is not a process that occurs during glacial retreat. In fact, it's the opposite. During a retreat, the rate of ablation (which includes sublimation) exceeds the rate of accumulation.

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