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Which of the following statements is/are correct?Straight-chain alkanes have very low octane numbersThe branching of the chain increases the octane number of a fuelStraight and branched-chain alkanes have octane numbers higher than those of the corresponding cycloalkanesAromatic compounds have high octane numbers

Question

Which of the following statements is/are correct?Straight-chain alkanes have very low octane numbersThe branching of the chain increases the octane number of a fuelStraight and branched-chain alkanes have octane numbers higher than those of the corresponding cycloalkanesAromatic compounds have high octane numbers

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Solution

The correct statements are:

  1. Straight-chain alkanes have very low octane numbers: This is correct. Straight-chain alkanes, also known as normal alkanes, do have low octane numbers. The octane number is a measure of a fuel's ability to resist 'knock' or 'pinging' during combustion, caused by the air/fuel mixture detonating in more than once place at a time. The lower the octane number, the greater the fuel's tendency to knock.

  2. The branching of the chain increases the octane number of a fuel: This is also correct. Branched-chain alkanes have higher octane numbers than their straight-chain counterparts. The branching of the chain reduces the likelihood of knocking, thus increasing the octane number.

  3. Straight and branched-chain alkanes have octane numbers higher than those of the corresponding cycloalkanes: This is incorrect. Cycloalkanes generally have higher octane numbers than both straight and branched-chain alkanes. The cyclic structure of cycloalkanes makes them more resistant to knocking.

  4. Aromatic compounds have high octane numbers: This is correct. Aromatic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, have high octane numbers. These compounds are often added to gasoline to increase its octane rating.

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