Which of the following is a threat to internal validity found in within-groups designs but not in independent (between)-groups designs? Group of answer choicesdemand characteristicsdesign confoundpractice effectsselection effects
Question
Which of the following is a threat to internal validity found in within-groups designs but not in independent (between)-groups designs? Group of answer choicesdemand characteristicsdesign confoundpractice effectsselection effects
Solution
The correct answer is "practice effects".
In within-groups designs, all participants experience all levels of the independent variable. This means that they participate in all conditions of the experiment. Because of this, they may improve in performance over time due to practice or become fatigued, both of which are known as practice effects.
In contrast, in independent (between)-groups designs, each participant is exposed to only one level of the independent variable. This means that they participate in only one condition of the experiment. Therefore, practice effects are not a concern in independent (between)-groups designs because each participant is only exposed to the experiment once.
Demand characteristics, design confound, and selection effects can occur in both within-groups and independent (between)-groups designs, so they are not unique to within-groups designs.
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