Consider an 2713Al atom.(a) Write the numbers of protons, electrons and neutrons in the atom.(b) Draw the electron diagram of an 2713Al atom.(c) Describe briefly how an 2713Al atom can attain a stable octet electronic arrangement.(d) Write the numbers of protons, electrons and neutrons in the aluminium ion formed from an 2713Alatom.

(a) The number 13 in 2713Al represents the atomic number, which is the number of protons in an atom. So, an Al atom has 13 protons. Since it is a neutral atom, the number of electrons is also 13. The number 27 represents the atomic mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. So, to find the number of neutrons, subtract the number of protons from the atomic mass number: 27 - 13 = 14. So, an Al atom has 14 neutrons.

(b) The electron diagram of an 2713Al atom would show 13 electrons arranged in energy levels or shells around the nucleus. The first energy level can hold up to 2 electrons, the second can hold up to 8, and the third can hold up to 8 as well. So, for Al, the first level has 2 electrons, the second level has 8, and the third level has 3.

(c) An 2713Al atom can attain a stable octet electronic arrangement by losing 3 electrons from its outermost shell. This is because its outermost shell has 3 electrons, and by losing these, it can achieve a stable configuration with 8 electrons in its outermost shell (which is now the second shell).

(d) In the aluminium ion formed from an 2713Al atom, the number of protons remains the same, 13. However, since the atom loses 3 electrons to form the ion, the number of electrons is now 10. The number of neutrons remains the same, 14.