3- Put the words in the right tense or form. (3.5marks)Smoking has become very common and fashionable, especially among young boys. Thishabit usually (begin)……………..………… at school when boys try to experiment with everynew thing that they can lay their hands on. Despite the (warn)…………………………. given bydoctors about the (harm) ………..….………………..effects of smoking, people continue tosmoke. Smokers are (addiction)……………………………… to it, and even if they want to, theycannot refrain from picking up a cigar or cigarette and puffing away.In the beginning, a teenager may (take)……………….…………. a few puffs from his friend'scigarette; then comes a time when it becomes an indispensable part of his life. Severalpuffs lead to the formation of a habit. Soon smoking begins to(effect)………………………………. the health of the smoker. He becomes a chain-smoker. Thissmoke is (toxins)………………………………. and the nicotine in the cigarette is known to causecancer. It is ironic that despite the fact that every smoker is aware of the ill effectsof smoking, he doesn’t give it up.4) Match each sentence part in A with its completion in B to get a coherent paragraph.(2marks)A B Answers1/ Pollution is a major environmental2/ It endangers all3/ In fact, Man is the one4/ He is the cause of air, landa) the creatures on earth.b) risk to health.c) who can be blamedd) offenderse) noise and water pollution.1+………2+………3+..……4+……..Good work

Abelson (1995) wanted to examine whether smoking led to lung cancer. He examined several studies, which showed the following results:The longer a person has smoked cigarettes, the greater their chance of getting cancer.People who stop smoking have lower cancer rates than people who keep smoking.Smokers’ cancers tend to be in the lungs and of a particular type.Smokers who use filtered cigarettes have a somewhat lower rate of cancer than those who use unfiltered cigarettes.People who live with smokers have higher rates of cancer, too, because of their passive exposure to the same chemicals.Identify the true and false statements about Abelson’s investigation.True Statement(s)The studies Abelson examined address all possible third-variable problems.Abelson would be able to make a strong causal claim if the studies he examined had the same findings.All of the studies that Abelson investigated were correlational studies.The simplest explanation of these results is that the chemicals in cigarettes cause cancer.False Statement(s)

Did I Get ThisResearchers from Dartmouth Medical School conducted a study in 2003 to look at the connection between watching actors smoking in movies and smoking initiation among adolescents. In the study, 6,522 U.S. adolescents ages 10-14 who had never tried smoking were randomly selected. Of those who subsequently tried smoking for the first time, 38% did so because of exposure to smoking in the movies.Estimate the proportion of all U.S. adolescents ages 10-14 who started smoking because of seeing actors smoke in movies by constructing a 95% confidence interval.Reset this ActivityDid I Get ThisHarris Interactive® conducted an online study from January 3 to 10, 2006 among a nationwide sample of 1,040 U.S. adults (ages 18 years and over), of whom 565 currently use organic foods in preparing meals. Figures for age by gender, race/ethnicity, education, region, and household income were weighted to reflect the total U.S. adult population. Propensity score weighting was used to adjust for respondents' propensity to be online. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of all U.S. adults who use organic foods in preparing meals.Reset this ActivityDid I Get ThisBased on the answer to the previous question, what is the margin of error of the confidence interval for the number of U.S. adults who use organic foods in preparing meals?0.010.040.080.543

Outline three reasons why smoking is targeted by health promotion programs.

Tobacco smoke is a teratogen. In a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur?A.Early onset of puberty in childrenB.Breakdown of skin and other tissues exposed to the smokeC.Reductions in IQ in adultsD.Fetal development problems

Based on operant conditioning principles, a person who feels pleasure and relaxation from smokingElimination ToolSelect one answerAis physically addicted to nicotine.Bwill continue smoking because of negative reinforcement.Cwill stop smoking because of negative punishment.Dwill continue smoking because of positive reinforcement.Ewill stop smoking because of positive punishment.Skip For Now