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A 5-year-old child is prescribed albuterol inhaler for asthma. The nurse should instruct the child and parents to use which of the following techniques when administering the inhaler?A. Inhale deeply and hold breath for 10 secondsB. Exhale fully before inhaling the medicationC. Shake the inhaler vigorously before useD. Use a spacer device to improve medication deliveryA 12-year-old child is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse should assess the child for which of the following signs of DKA?A. HypoglycemiaB. HyperkalemiaC. Kussmaul respirationsD. Bradycardia

Question

A 5-year-old child is prescribed albuterol inhaler for asthma. The nurse should instruct the child and parents to use which of the following techniques when administering the inhaler?A. Inhale deeply and hold breath for 10 secondsB. Exhale fully before inhaling the medicationC. Shake the inhaler vigorously before useD. Use a spacer device to improve medication deliveryA 12-year-old child is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse should assess the child for which of the following signs of DKA?A. HypoglycemiaB. HyperkalemiaC. Kussmaul respirationsD. Bradycardia

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Solution

For the 5-year-old child prescribed an albuterol inhaler for asthma, the nurse should instruct the child and parents to:

  1. Shake the inhaler vigorously before use: This is to ensure that the medication is well mixed for effective delivery.

  2. Exhale fully before inhaling the medication: This allows for maximum lung capacity to inhale the medication.

  3. Inhale deeply and hold breath for 10 seconds: This allows for the medication to settle in the lungs and be absorbed.

  4. Use a spacer device to improve medication delivery: A spacer helps to get more medicine into the lungs where it works, rather than sitting in the mouth or back of the throat.

For the 12-year-old child admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the nurse should assess the child for:

  1. Kussmaul respirations: This is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure.

The other options (Hypoglycemia, Hyperkalemia, Bradycardia) are not typically signs of DKA. DKA is typically characterized by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), not low (hypoglycemia). Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) can occur in DKA, but it's not one of the primary signs. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is also not typically associated with DKA.

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