Makes short notes on -a) The International Court of Justice (ICJ). 8 Marksb) The Mechanisms for International Criminal Tribunals. 6 Marksc) International Center for Settlement of International Disputes

a) The International Court of Justice (ICJ)

• Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
• It is located in The Hague, Netherlands.
• The ICJ settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues.
• It is composed of 15 judges elected for a nine-year term.
• The ICJ operates under a statute that is an integral part of the UN Charter.

b) Mechanisms for International Criminal Tribunals

• International Criminal Tribunals are courts used for prosecuting individuals for international crimes such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
• The most notable are the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).
• These tribunals operate based on their own specific statutes and rules of procedure and evidence.
• The Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (MICT) was established by the UN to carry out a number of essential functions of the ICTY and ICTR after their closure.

c) International Center for Settlement of International Disputes (ICSID)

• The ICSID is a part of the World Bank Group.
• It provides facilities for the conciliation and arbitration of disputes between member countries and investors.
• It was established in 1966 by the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States.
• The ICSID does not conduct arbitration or conciliation proceedings itself, but provides the institutional and procedural framework for independent tribunals to do so.