E-Governance models in India are designed to use information and communication technology (ICT) to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational and transactional exchanges within government, between government agencies at various levels, citizen & businesses, and to empower citizens through access & use of information.

1. **Broadcasting/Wider-Dissemination Model:** This is the basic form of e-Governance that allows the government to share information with the public. It includes various channels like websites, portals, local radio or television, community radio or television, mobile vans, folk media, public meetings, etc.

2. **Critical Flow Model:** This model is used for interactivity with an aim of achieving efficiency in government processes and service delivery. It includes methods like grievance redressal, online services, payments, registration and applications.

3. **Comparative Analysis Model:** This model is used for comparison of data and information to bring transparency and accountability in government functioning. It includes methods like social audits, performance indicators and efficiency parameters.

4. **Mobilization and Lobbying Model:** This model is used for active participation by citizens in governance. It includes methods like public surveys, polls, feedback, suggestions, discussions, etc.

5. **Interactive-Service Model:** This model is used for back office processes and interactions to make the service delivery system efficient and transparent. It includes methods like process simplification, process re-engineering, tracking of applications and services, etc.

6. **Decision Support System Model:** This model is used for supporting the decision-making process with real-time information and future projections. It includes methods like GIS mapping, MIS, data warehousing, data mining, etc.

These models are not mutually exclusive and are often used in combination to achieve the objectives of e-Governance.

Question

E-Governance models in India are designed to use information and communication technology (ICT) to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational and transactional exchanges within government, between government agencies at various levels, citizen & businesses, and to empower citizens through access & use of information.

1. **Broadcasting/Wider-Dissemination Model:** This is the basic form of e-Governance that allows the government to share information with the public. It includes various channels like websites, portals, local radio or television, community radio or television, mobile vans, folk media, public meetings, etc.

2. **Critical Flow Model:** This model is used for interactivity with an aim of achieving efficiency in government processes and service delivery. It includes methods like grievance redressal, online services, payments, registration and applications.

3. **Comparative Analysis Model:** This model is used for comparison of data and information to bring transparency and accountability in government functioning. It includes methods like social audits, performance indicators and efficiency parameters.

4. **Mobilization and Lobbying Model:** This model is used for active participation by citizens in governance. It includes methods like public surveys, polls, feedback, suggestions, discussions, etc.

5. **Interactive-Service Model:** This model is used for back office processes and interactions to make the service delivery system efficient and transparent. It includes methods like process simplification, process re-engineering, tracking of applications and services, etc.

6. **Decision Support System Model:** This model is used for supporting the decision-making process with real-time information and future projections. It includes methods like GIS mapping, MIS, data warehousing, data mining, etc.

These models are not mutually exclusive and are often used in combination to achieve the objectives of e-Governance.

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