The idea that some primates have a well-developed “theory of mind” means that they understand that the brain is the organ controlling bodily functions and thoughts.Group of answer choicesTrueFalse

Text 1An animal is said to have a theory of mind when it is able to act according to the mental states of other individuals. Psychologists David Premack and Guy Woodruff studied whether chimpanzees have such a theory of mind. They showed videos of human actors struggling with various problems. The chimpanzees were able to select photographs that showed the best tool to solve each actor’s problem.Text 2Biologist Daniel J. Povinelli and psychologists Kurt E. Nelson and Sarah T. Boysen have argued that previous research into whether chimpanzees have a theory of mind have not adequately addressed alternative explanations for the chimpanzees’ behaviors. Specifically, it may be the case that chimpanzees are following learned behaviors in a known environment, rather than applying a theory of mind in a novel situation.Based on the texts, how would Povinelli, Nelson, and Boysen (Text 2) most likely respond to Premack and Woodruff (Text 1)?*A. They would argue that nonhuman primates other than chimpanzees, such as baboons and gorillas, may also have a theory of mind.B. They would argue that the chimpanzees would be able to solve the problems themselves without referencing the photographs by struggling with the situation themselves and eventually determining the correct solution.C. They would encourage Premack and Woodruff to show the same videos and photgraphs to other nonhuman primates and compare the other nonhuman primates' reactions to the chimpanzees' reactions.D. They would suggest that placing the chimpanzee subjects in novel environments, such as rooms distinct from the chimpanzees' regular enclosures, may help better ascertain whether chimpanzees have a theory of mind.

Humans and great apes are the only primates to have advanced cognitive abilities.Group of answer choicesTrueFalse

The social brain hypothesis argues that primates have large brains to allow them to deal with complex social relationships that result from group-living.Group of answer choicesTrueFalse

Which of the following are aspects of primate behavior that suggest to us they may have complex cognitive abilities?Group of answer choicestool uselanguageempathyself-awarenesstool use, empathy, AND self-awarenesstool use, language, empathy, AND self-awareness

The visual and tactile focus of primates makes things like facial expressions and coloration important methods of communication.Group of answer choicesTrueFalse