Nitrogen in a carbon dioxide laser isa.Used as a coolantb.Not used in this laserc.Used to induce excitation of another atom
Question
Nitrogen in a carbon dioxide laser isa.Used as a coolantb.Not used in this laserc.Used to induce excitation of another atom
Solution
The correct answer is c. Nitrogen is used to induce excitation of another atom in a carbon dioxide laser. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
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In a carbon dioxide laser, a mixture of gases is used, typically consisting of carbon dioxide (CO2), helium (He), and nitrogen (N2).
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The laser action in a CO2 laser starts with the excitation of nitrogen molecules by an electric discharge.
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The excited nitrogen molecules then collide with CO2 molecules. During this collision, the energy is transferred from the nitrogen molecules to the CO2 molecules, causing them to get excited.
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The excited CO2 molecules then emit light (laser) when they return to their ground state.
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The role of helium in this process is to remove the heat and bring the CO2 molecules back to their lower energy state, so they can be excited again.
So, nitrogen is not used as a coolant (that's the role of helium), and it is definitely used in a CO2 laser (contrary to option b). Its role is to induce excitation of the CO2 molecules, which is why option c is the correct answer.
Similar Questions
One of the following lasers are generally not used for industrial applications.a.CO2 laserb.He-Ne laserc.Nd-YAG laserClear my choice
He-Ne laser utilizesa.Optical pumpingb.Electrical discharge and atom-atom collisionc.Electrical discharge
Extra pure nitrogen can be obtained by heating the following compound
Liquid nitrogen is used in cryosurgery for wart removal. The liquefaction of N2 gas begins to occur at −196 °C and liquid N2 freezes at −210 °C. Which temperature range coincides with the onset of the condensation of N2 gas?A.61–65 KB.75–79 KC.467–471 KD.481–485 K
Nitrogen is extremely cold in its liquid phase. It is used in the cryopreservation of small tissue samples and in cryosurgery to freeze and destroy diseased tissues. Liquid nitrogen can be produced from nitrogen gas using the Hampson-Linde cycle (Figure 1).Figure 1 Hampson-Linde cycle apparatus used to liquefy nitrogenThe cycle begins by compressing nitrogen gas and forcing it through a coil in an external cooler that contains dry ice. The gas proceeds to a heat exchanger, where it cools further due to the countercurrent heat exchange with colder nitrogen gas returning from a later stage of the cycle; this process is known as regenerative cooling. The gas is subsequently forced through a narrow valve, where it expands and cools significantly upon exiting. As a result, a portion of the gas becomes liquefied.The temperature change of the gas exiting the valve is described by the Joule-Thomson effect, which occurs without heat transfer with the surroundings. Finally, the liquefied nitrogen is collected, and the remaining gas is sent through the regenerative cooler back to the compressor to reenter the cycle. The physical properties of nitrogen are given in Table 1.Table 1 Thermal Properties of NitrogenBoiling point at STP 77 KMelting point at STP 63 KSpecific heat (liquid phase) 2 kJ/kg⋅KHeat of vaporization 400 kJ/kgHeat of fusion 50 kJ/kg Question 41Which thermodynamic quantity involved in the Hampson-Linde cycle is a state function?A.Entropy of nitrogen, because it describes an equilibrium state of the systemB.Entropy of nitrogen, because it describes a path to an equilibrium state of the systemC.Work done by the compressor, because it describes an equilibrium state of the systemD.Work done by the compressor, because it describes a path to an equilibrium state of the system
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