The command form of the verb (el mandato) expresses what you want another person to do. Commands are used to give advice, to offer invitations, and to give orders. The verb forms in bold in Para empezar are informal commands (los mandatos informales), used when you address the person you’re speaking to as tú. You’ll see other types of commands in Estructura 10.3.Using as examples the boldfaced words in Para empezar, determine the informal command form of each of the following verbs. mandatos informales (tú) pensaraprenderpedirpositive This form is exactly the same as which form of the verb in the present tense?

Formal commands (los mandatos formales) are used with people that you address as Ud. or Uds.* For singular commands (with Ud.), the form of the verb is the same for both positive and negative formal commands (compre Ud., no compre Ud.), unlike the case with informal commands with tú. Use the examples that you saw in Para empezar to complete the following chart of formal command forms for Ud. mandatos formales (ud.) usarcomeroprimirpositive coma negative

Some common irregular verbs have a special positive informal command form.verbomandato positivo informal (tú)ejemplodecirdiDi «por favor».Say “please.”hacerhaz¡Haz la tarea!Do your homework!irveVe a la biblioteca.Go to the library.ponerponPon los libros aquí.Put the books here.salirsal¡Sal a la calle!Go out on the street!serséSé buen niño.Be a good boy.tenertenTen esto.Have (Take) this.venirvenVen a mi casa.Come to my house.Many of these positive command forms are easy to remember, because they’re simply the stem of the infinitive without any ending (-ar, -er, or -ir). Write the five forms that are of this type.

Estructuras 14 Los mandatos formales e informalesInversiones formalesCambia cada mandato formal afirmativo a un mandato formal negativo y viceversa. ¡OJO! En algunos casos es necesario colocar los pronombres reflexivos o de complemento directo o indirecto en el lugar apropiado y posiblemente agregar o quitar un acento.Ejemplo:No me escriba un e-mail. →Escríbame un e-mail.No cargue la batería. → la batería.No se vaya a la tienda de Apple ahora. → a la tienda de Apple ahora.Díganos la dirección de la página web. →No la dirección de la página web.Envíenles un mensaje de texto. →No un mensaje de texto.No pierda el tiempo haciendo una búsqueda en internet. → el tiempo haciendo una búsqueda en internet.

Using what you now know about informal command formation and the different positions of object pronouns, write the positive and negative commands for the following reflexive verbs. ¡Atención! One of the verbs has a stem change. positivonegativobañarse ducharse dormirse The verb apurarse opens in a dialog is a new verb to you, but since it is regular and you know the pattern to form informal commands, you have the tools to form its positive and negative commands. Try it! positivonegativoapurarse

Parasmaipada endings are used for: General actions