What is the scope of practical grammar?   What is the scope of theoretical grammar?   What is the function of language?   Give examples of semiotic systems.   Describe the structure of language.   What is a phoneme?   What is a morpheme?   Who was the first linguist to distinguish between language and speech?   What does the difference between language and speech involve?    What is the difference between synthetic and analytic languages?    What does syntax study?    What does morphology study?    In modern linguistics parts of speech are discriminated according to three criteria: semantic, formal, functional. What does the functional approach involve?    What is a grammatical meaning?    Give an example of grammatical category. Illustrate the opposition.    Give three examples of lexical morphemes characterizing different parts of speech.    Give three examples of grammatical morphemes.    Give the definition of a verb. Take into consideration the following aspects: meaning, grammatical categories, function, combinability.    Give two examples of notional parts of speech and two examples of functional words.    Give an example of a synthetic word-form.    Give an example of an analytical word-form.    In the category of case opposition (giri - giri s) the form of the genitive is.   the strong (positive) member of the opposition   the weak (negative) member of the opposition23. In which sentences below is the '-ing' form:   the Gerund   Participle I   the verbal noun   That would mean telling him everything.   The happy ending was unexpected.   When speaking to me, she fumbled with the keys.   Her fumbling with the keys irritated me.   She turned around, smiling.24. Illustrate with your own examples all moods:   Indicative   Imperative   Subjunctive I   Subjunctive II   Conditional   Suppositional25. Give an example of a suppletive form.20:55

The scope of practical grammar involves the application of grammatical rules in real-life situations. It focuses on how grammar is used in spoken and written communication.

The scope of theoretical grammar involves the study of the abstract aspects of grammar. It focuses on the underlying principles and theories that govern the structure of a language.

The function of language is to facilitate communication, express thoughts and emotions, convey information, and form social connections.

Examples of semiotic systems include traffic signs, musical notation, body language, and Morse code.

The structure of language consists of phonology (sound system), morphology (structure of words), syntax (sentence structure), semantics (meaning), and pragmatics (use of language in context).

A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a particular language.

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.

Ferdinand de Saussure was the first linguist to distinguish between language (langue) and speech (parole).

The difference between language and speech involves the distinction between a system of signs (language) and the individual use of this system (speech).

Synthetic languages use inflection (changes in form of a word) to express grammatical relationships, while analytic languages use word order and prepositions.

Syntax studies the rules for the combination of words into sentences.

Morphology studies the structure of words.

The functional approach in modern linguistics involves the role or function of words in a sentence.

A grammatical meaning is the relationship between words in a sentence, expressed through grammatical forms.

An example of a grammatical category is tense, with the opposition being present tense vs. past tense.

Examples of lexical morphemes include "-er" (worker), "-ing" (running), and "-ed" (worked).

Examples of grammatical morphemes include "-s" (cats), "-ed" (worked), and "-ing" (running).

A verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. It has grammatical categories such as tense, mood, and voice, functions as the predicate of a sentence, and combines with subjects and objects.

Notional parts of speech include nouns and verbs, while functional words include prepositions and conjunctions.

A synthetic word-form is a single word that expresses a complex idea, such as "unhappiness".

An analytical word-form is a phrase or sentence that expresses a complex idea, such as "not happy".

In the category of case opposition (giri - giri s), the form of the genitive is the strong (positive) member of the opposition.

In the sentences: