Which of the following definitions correctly describes the CRISPR-Cas9 system?ANSWERAn expression system that is engineered to make large quantities of a desired proteinThe process of using viruses to introduce genetic material into human cells to treat diseaseSensitive rapid diagnostic tests that detect antigens or antibodies in a sampleA gene-editing tool that locates a specific DNA sequence and cuts it out so that a new sequence can be inserted
Question
Which of the following definitions correctly describes the CRISPR-Cas9 system?ANSWERAn expression system that is engineered to make large quantities of a desired proteinThe process of using viruses to introduce genetic material into human cells to treat diseaseSensitive rapid diagnostic tests that detect antigens or antibodies in a sampleA gene-editing tool that locates a specific DNA sequence and cuts it out so that a new sequence can be inserted
Solution
The correct definition that describes the CRISPR-Cas9 system is: "A gene-editing tool that locates a specific DNA sequence and cuts it out so that a new sequence can be inserted".
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
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The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a technology that was adapted from the natural defense mechanisms of bacteria and archaea (organisms with single-cell).
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These organisms use CRISPR-derived RNA and various Cas proteins, including Cas9, to foil attacks by viruses and other foreign bodies. They do so primarily by chopping up and destroying the DNA of a foreign invader.
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When these components are transferred into other, more complex, organisms, it allows for the manipulation of genes, or "editing."
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The CRISPR-Cas9 system works by guiding the Cas9 enzyme to a specific location within the genome sequence. This is done using a small piece of RNA which has a short "guide" sequence attached to it. This guide sequence attaches (binds) to a specific target sequence of DNA in a genome.
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The Cas9 enzyme then cuts the DNA at this point in the sequence, which allows for a piece of DNA to be removed and/or replaced.
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In this way, the CRISPR-Cas9 system provides a tool for the precise editing of genetic sequences within organisms. It has broad applications in many fields, including medicine, agriculture, and bioengineering.
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