1. Slow Start: TCP initially starts with a small congestion window size (CWND) and gradually increases it exponentially until it reaches a threshold (ssthresh). This phase is known as slow start.

2. Congestion Avoidance: Once the CWND reaches the ssthresh, TCP enters the congestion avoidance phase. In this phase, the CWND is increased linearly to avoid any potential congestion.

3. Fast Retransmit: If a sender receives three duplicate acknowledgments for the same data packet (indicating that the packet was lost), it immediately retransmits the lost packet without waiting for a timeout. This is known as fast retransmit.

4. Fast Recovery: After fast retransmit, TCP enters the fast recovery phase. In this phase, the ssthresh is set to half of the CWND before the loss was detected, and the CWND is also reduced to the new ssthresh plus 3 times the segment size.

5. Retransmission Timeout: If a timeout occurs, TCP assumes that the network is heavily congested. It reduces the ssthresh to half of the CWND before the timeout, and sets the CWND to 1 segment. It then enters the slow start phase again.

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1. Slow Start: TCP initially starts with a small congestion window size (CWND) and gradually increases it exponentially until it reaches a threshold (ssthresh). This phase is known as slow start.

2. Congestion Avoidance: Once the CWND reaches the ssthresh, TCP enters the congestion avoidance phase. In this phase, the CWND is increased linearly to avoid any potential congestion.

3. Fast Retransmit: If a sender receives three duplicate acknowledgments for the same data packet (indicating that the packet was lost), it immediately retransmits the lost packet without waiting for a timeout. This is known as fast retransmit.

4. Fast Recovery: After fast retransmit, TCP enters the fast recovery phase. In this phase, the ssthresh is set to half of the CWND before the loss was detected, and the CWND is also reduced to the new ssthresh plus 3 times the segment size.

5. Retransmission Timeout: If a timeout occurs, TCP assumes that the network is heavily congested. It reduces the ssthresh to half of the CWND before the timeout, and sets the CWND to 1 segment. It then enters the slow start phase again.

Knowee AI · Accepted Answer

1. Slow Start: TCP initially starts with a small congestion window size (CWND) and gradually increases it exponentially until it reaches a threshold (ssthresh). This phase is known as slow start.

2. Congestion Avoidance: Once the CWND reaches the ssthresh, TCP enters the congestion avoidance phase. In this phase, the CWND is increased linearly to avoid any potential congestion.

3. Fast Retransmit: If a sender receives three duplicate acknowledgments for the same data packet (indicating that the packet was lost), it immediately retransmits the lost packet without waiting for a timeout. This is known as fast retransmit.

4. Fast Recovery: After fast retransmit, TCP enters the fast recovery phase. In this phase, the ssthresh is set to half of the CWND before the loss was detected, and the CWND is also reduced to the new ssthresh plus 3 times the segment size.

5. Retransmission Timeout: If a timeout occurs, TCP assumes that the network is heavily congested. It reduces the ssthresh to half of the CWND before the timeout, and sets the CWND to 1 segment. It then enters the slow start phase again.

Explain TCP Congestion Control in 5 short points

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