Which of the following spectroscopic technique(s) can be used to identify all thefunctional groups of an antibiotic contaminant in food?P. InfraredQ. Circular dichroismR. Nuclear magnetic resonanceS. UV-Visible(A) P only(B) P and R only(C) P, Q and R only(D) P, Q, R and S

The correct answer is (B) P and R only.

Here's why:

P. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy: This technique can be used to identify functional groups in a molecule. Different functional groups absorb characteristic frequencies of infrared light. By analyzing the absorption spectrum, the presence of specific functional groups can be determined.

Q. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy: This technique is mainly used to study the secondary structure of proteins. It is not typically used to identify functional groups in a molecule.

R. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: This technique can be used to identify the structure of a molecule, including its functional groups. Different types of atoms (e.g., hydrogen, carbon) absorb radio waves at different frequencies in a magnetic field. By analyzing the absorption spectrum, the structure of the molecule can be determined.

S. UV-Visible spectroscopy: This technique is used to study the electronic structure of molecules, not their functional groups. It is based on the absorption of ultraviolet or visible light, which causes electrons to transition between energy levels.

Therefore, only Infrared and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to identify all the functional groups of an antibiotic contaminant in food.