Question 1- 9Around the year 1500, hunting people occupied the entire northern third of North America. They lived well from the animals with whom they shared these lands. Hunters of sea mammals had colonized the Arctic coasts of Canada and Greenland between four and five thousand years before. Land-hunting people had lived throughout much of the northern interior for at least 12,000 years. Northern North America is part of a larger circumpolar ecological (1) domain that continues across the narrow Bering Strait into Siberia and northern Europe. The overall circumpolar environment in the 1500’ s was not very different from the environment of the present. This vast landmass had a continental climate and was dominated by cold arctic air throughout a long winter and spring season. Summer temperatures ranged from near freezing to the mid-20's Celsius, while winter temperatures were often as low as 40 degrees below zero Celsius.Geographers divide the overall circumpolar domain into two zones, the Arctic and below it, the Subarctic. They refer to the landforms of these areas as tundra and taiga, respectively. Temperatures in the northern lands were below freezing for eight or nine months of the year. Subsurface soil in the Arctic's tundra remained permanently frozen. Even when summer temperatures were above freezing and the top inches of earth became (4) saturated with water, the soil below remained frozen into a permafrost, as hard as rock.When water flowed upon the surface of permanently frozen tundra, it made overland travel extremely difficult. Summer travel in the boggy lands, or muskeg country, of the Subarctic's taiga was also slow and (5) arduous. Tracking animals was more difficult than it was during the winter when the swampy ground was frozen solid and covered with snow. In both tundra and taiga, hordes of mosquitoes and biting flies bred in the (6) standing pools of water. Clothing lost its thermal efficiency when it became damp. Northern people looked forward to the turn of the season to bring the easier traveling conditions associated with cold weather. In the Arctic, they could haul food and supplies by dogsled while in the Subarctic, people could travel quickly and efficiently by snowshoes and toboggan.1. The word domain in the text is closest in meaning to Temperature Period Region Process2. Which of the following terms is used to describe the landforms of the Arctic region? Subarctic Taiga Tundra Muskeg3. For how many months of the year were temperatures below freezing in the circumpolar region? 4-5 months 6 months 8-9 months 12 months4. The word saturated in the text is closest in meaning to Enriched Dissolved Removed Soaked5. The word arduous in the text is closest in meaning to Humid Difficult Indirect Unnecessary6. The word standing in the text is closest in meaning to Not flowing Very deep Numerous Contaminated7. All of the following are mentioned as having made travel in the summer difficult EXCEPT Insects Wet clothing Swampy lands Lack of supplies8. The subsurface soil in the Arctic's tundra is most comparable to which of the following? Cement A bog A pond Sand9. Where in the passage does the author mention a means by which people traveled in the northern lands? The first sentence in paragraph 1 The first sentence in paragraph 2 The last sentence in paragraph 2 Paragraph 3