Jeremy Bentham, a British philosopher and social reformer, is best known as the founder of modern utilitarianism. Here are his beliefs related to the options you provided:

a. Ethical hedonism: Bentham did not believe in sacrificing one's pleasure for others. Instead, he believed in the principle of utility, which suggests that the rightness or wrongness of an action should be determined by its overall utility or usefulness, i.e., its ability to produce pleasure or happiness and avoid pain.

b. None of the options: This is not a belief but a choice in a multiple-choice question.

c. Rule utilitarianism vs Act utilitarianism: Bentham is often associated with act utilitarianism, which evaluates each action based on its utility or usefulness. Rule utilitarianism, on the other hand, evaluates actions based on rules that, if universally followed, would lead to the greatest good for the greatest number. Bentham did not explicitly prefer one over the other.

d. Intellectual pleasures vs pleasures of the body: Bentham did not make a distinction between different types of pleasure. He believed that all pleasures were of equal value.

e. Pleasure and pain can be used to decide the ethicality of an action: This is true. Bentham's principle of utility uses the balance of pleasure and pain to determine the morality of an action. He proposed a "hedonic calculus" to weigh the pleasure and pain produced by an action.

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Jeremy Bentham, a British philosopher and social reformer, is best known as the founder of modern utilitarianism. Here are his beliefs related to the options you provided:

a. Ethical hedonism: Bentham did not believe in sacrificing one's pleasure for others. Instead, he believed in the principle of utility, which suggests that the rightness or wrongness of an action should be determined by its overall utility or usefulness, i.e., its ability to produce pleasure or happiness and avoid pain.

b. None of the options: This is not a belief but a choice in a multiple-choice question.

c. Rule utilitarianism vs Act utilitarianism: Bentham is often associated with act utilitarianism, which evaluates each action based on its utility or usefulness. Rule utilitarianism, on the other hand, evaluates actions based on rules that, if universally followed, would lead to the greatest good for the greatest number. Bentham did not explicitly prefer one over the other.

d. Intellectual pleasures vs pleasures of the body: Bentham did not make a distinction between different types of pleasure. He believed that all pleasures were of equal value.

e. Pleasure and pain can be used to decide the ethicality of an action: This is true. Bentham's principle of utility uses the balance of pleasure and pain to determine the morality of an action. He proposed a "hedonic calculus" to weigh the pleasure and pain produced by an action.

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Jeremy Bentham, a British philosopher and social reformer, is best known as the founder of modern utilitarianism. Here are his beliefs related to the options you provided:

a. Ethical hedonism: Bentham did not believe in sacrificing one's pleasure for others. Instead, he believed in the principle of utility, which suggests that the rightness or wrongness of an action should be determined by its overall utility or usefulness, i.e., its ability to produce pleasure or happiness and avoid pain.

b. None of the options: This is not a belief but a choice in a multiple-choice question.

c. Rule utilitarianism vs Act utilitarianism: Bentham is often associated with act utilitarianism, which evaluates each action based on its utility or usefulness. Rule utilitarianism, on the other hand, evaluates actions based on rules that, if universally followed, would lead to the greatest good for the greatest number. Bentham did not explicitly prefer one over the other.

d. Intellectual pleasures vs pleasures of the body: Bentham did not make a distinction between different types of pleasure. He believed that all pleasures were of equal value.

e. Pleasure and pain can be used to decide the ethicality of an action: This is true. Bentham's principle of utility uses the balance of pleasure and pain to determine the morality of an action. He proposed a "hedonic calculus" to weigh the pleasure and pain produced by an action.

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