Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats.

The highlands of Kerala experience several types of landslides, of which debris flows are the most common. They are called 'Urul Pottal' in the local vernacular. The characteristic pattern of this phenomenon is the swift and sudden downslope movement of highly water saturated overburden containing a varied assemblage of debris material ranging in size from soil particles to boulders, destroying and carrying with it every thing that is lying in its path. The west facing Western Ghats scarps that runs the entire extent of the mountain system is the most prone physiographic unit for landslides. These scarp faces are characterised by thin soil (regolith) cover modified heavily by anthropogenic activity.[20] The highlands of the region experience an annual average rainfall as high as 500 cm from the South-West, North-East and Pre-Monsoon showers. A review of ancient documents, investigation reports and news paper reports indicates a lesser rate of slope instability in the past; 29 major landslide events that occurred in the recent past was identified through the review.[21] The processes leading to landslides were accelerated by anthropogenic disturbances such as deforestation since the early 18th century, terracing and obstruction of ephemeral streams and cultivation of crops lacking capability to add root cohesion in steep slopes. The events have become more destructive given the increasing vulnerability of population and property. Majority of mass movements have occurred in hill slopes >20° along the Western Ghats scarps, the only exception being the coastal cliffs. Studies conducted in the state indicates that prolonged and intense rainfall or more particularly a combination of the two and the resultant persistence and variations of pore pressure are the most important trigger of landslides.[22] The initiation of most of the landslides were in typical hollows generally having degraded natural vegetation. All except 1 of the 14 districts in the state are prone to landslides. Wayanad and Kozhikode districts are prone to deep-seated landslides while Idukki and Kottayam are prone to shallow landslides. A very recent study indicates that the additional cohesion provided by vegetation roots in soil is an important contributor to slope stability in the scarp faces of the Western Ghats of Kerala.[23]

discuss the causes and impact of Darjeeling Landslide 2011

Western Ghats are a chain of mountains running parallel to India’s western coast, approximately 30-50 km inland. The Ghats traverse the States of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Goa and has been added to UNESCO heritage site in which year?/ पश्चिमी घाट जो कि भारत के पश्चिमी तट के समानांतर चलने वाली पर्वत श्रृंखला है और लगभग 30-50 किमी अंतर्देशीय है। यह घाट जो कि केरल, तमिलनाडु, कर्नाटक और गोवा राज्यों से गुजरता है, को किस वर्ष यूनेस्को विरासत स्थल में जोड़ा गया है? 2015 2012 2004 2003

Elaborately describe the longitudinal and latitudinal divisions of the Himalayas

A landslide has covered this road in rocks.Recall the type of rock cycle process this natural hazard represents.Compaction and cementationCoolingVolcanic eruptionErosion