In Miller v. California (1973) the Supreme Court ruled that there is no broad First Amendment protection for pornography and that instead, states could censor pornographic work if all of the following conditions are satisfied except:Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer.aThe average person, applying contemporary community standards, must find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interests.bThe work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific merit.cThe work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct or excretory functions.dThe work portrays particular sex acts in ways that are especially unrealistic.

Pre-Test: How is pornography treated in terms of First Amendment protection?Multiple ChoiceIt has First Amendment protection.It is not protected on TV or radio.The U.S. Supreme Court has yet to rule on pornography as speech.It has no First Amendment protection.

Post-Test: In most cases, U.S. law and tradition make the use of prior restraint relatively rare. However, there have been a number of important efforts by government to squelch content. When would it be appropriate for the government to use prior restraint?Multiple Choicein times of war when national security was involvedif cameras in a courtroom presented no hazard to the principle of fair trialif sexually explicit content was judged to be pornographic, but not obscenein the reporting of public figures when it was known that the information was true

What are some key federal laws that affect online freedom of expression, and how do they impact organizations? 5. Section 230 of the provides immunity to an Internet service provider that publishes user-generated content, as long as its actions do not rise to the level of a con- tent provider. 6. Which of the following laws required federally financed schools and libraries to use some form of technological protection to block computer access to obscene material, pornogra- phy, and anything else considered harmful to minors? a. Telecommunications Act b. Children’s Internet Protection Act c. Child Online Protection Act d. Communications Decency Act What important freedom of expression issues relate to the use of information technology? 7. The country with perhaps the most rigorous Internet censorship in the world is . a. Brazil b. China c. Cuba d. United States 8. An anti-SLAPP law is used by government officials against citizens who oppose them on matters of public concern. True or False? 9. involves doing research on the Internet to obtain someone’s private per- sonal information (such as home address, email address, phone numbers, and place of employment) and even private electronic documents (such as photographs), and then post- ing that information online without permission. 10. An aggrieved party can file a lawsuit against a defendant whose identity is temporarily unknown because he or she is communicating anonymously or using a pseudonym. 11. The California State Court in Pre-Paid v. Sturtz et al. set a legal precedent that courts apply when deciding . a. whether material is obscene b. if a library must install filters on its computers c. whether speech is merely annoying or hate speech d. whether or not to approve subpoenas requesting the identity of anonymous web posters 12. Persistent or malicious harassment aimed at an ethnic, racial, or religious group can be prosecuted as hate speech. True or False? 13. The Act specifies requirements that commercial emailers must follow when sending out messages that advertise or promote a commercial product or service.

The 1st Amendment protects U.S. citizens right to freedom of speech.  The right to display tattoo's on one's body is a form of a speech act and is protected because of this rationale. Group of answer choicesPromotes AutonomyPromotes democracyCannot be restrictedPromotes the discovery of truth

According to the Supreme Court in the 1960s, the First Amendment guaranteed the right toGroup of answer choicesyell “fire” in a crowded theater.criticize the government.speak on political matters at colleges and universities.ban pro-government literature.ban newspapers from printing criticisms of the government.