People who advocate for the Moral Model of addiction generally assume that substance use is a volitional act undertaken by an agent who knows (or should know) that dependence and other adverse consequences may follow. Many addiction treatment practitioners regard the moral model as: Question 2Select one:Anachronistic, stigmatizing, and simplistic.The new direction for current drug and addictions policy.An acceptable basis for methadone-maintenance approaches.Similar to the Model of Classical Conditioning.

An addiction treatment specialist is working with a client to reduce or eliminate the client’s dependence on alcohol. The specialist decides that a three-part approach is required that changes the clients risk-taking attitudes, substitutes high-strength beer with low-strength beer, and gets the client to forego their usual alcohol-friendly hang-outs in favour of family-oriented environments. Such an approach to addiction treatment reflects which model? Question 6Select one:The Biological ModelThe Moral ModelThe Public Health ModelThe Spiritual Model

Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) is an addiction treatment approach that assumes dependence is predominantly a disease developed as a result of faltering (or loss of) belief in a ‘higher power’. Addiction treatment programmes like the AA reflect which theory/model of substance use?Question 3Select one:The Public Health ModelThe Spiritual ModelThe Biological ModelThe Moral Model

In Howard et al (2013) the belief that a genetic predisposition is responsible for addiction - or at least plays a role in addiction - reflects three different models of addiction which are: Question 9Select one:The Psychological model, the Neurocognitive model and the Immunological ModelThe Disease Model, the Public Health Model and the Neurocognitive modelThe Disease Model, the Biological Model and the Public Health ModelThe Biological Model, the Psychological Model and the Neurocognitive model

Many of the theories of substance misuse outlined in Howard et al (2013) reflect common attitudes to drug use and drug users you may hear on the street or see on TV. One of the most dominant ideas in the mid-20th century was that people who became substance misusers or dependent users were actually very different people from everyone else. Under this notion 'normal' people could use drugs and were unlikely to sink into addiction. However, there were of a sub-set of people who have a natural predisposition toward addiction no matter what the substance and the only way to ensure this sub-set of the population does not become addicted is to ensure they simply don't use drugs.What Model of substance use does this notion reflect?Question 5Select one:The Public Health ModelThe Disease ModelThe Psychological ModelThe Temperance Model

According to the Therapeutic Communities, what is drug addiction viewed as?*