‘urbanisation’.2 In your own words, define ‘migration’.3 Identify three reasons why peoplemove from rural areas to urban areas.Apply and analyse4 Distinguish between ‘push factors’and ‘pull factors’. Remember, when youdistinguish between two things, youshould talk about how they are different.5 Using the data in Source 13:a describe the change in Indonesia’spopulation between 1950 and today.b predict whether this trend isexpected to continue into the future,and give reasons for your answer.Evaluate and create6 Research one of the consequencesof urbanisation in Indonesia listed inthis topic. Write a short paragraphexplaining how this is affecting thepeople of Indonesia today.7 Interview a person who has movedhome – either interstate orbetween countries. Whatwere the push andpull factors thathelp explain whythey moved?

Urbanisation in Indonesia’s cities has ledto many issues, including the following:• Inequalities between the rich and poor –many of the rural migrants who settlein Indonesia’s growing cities havetrouble finding secure employmentor housing. Indonesia is now thecountry with the sixth greatestwealth inequality in the world.• Strains on infrastructure – publictransportation, roads, water, sanitationand electricity networks are all under strain from the rapid influx of people to thecities. For example, the commute from Bekasi, a city less than 20 kilometres fromJakarta, takes around three hours. There are 5.4 million commuters travellingthroughout Jakarta each day.• Potential food insecurity – with young people leaving rural areas seeking better jobopportunities in the city, there are not enough workers on farms to plant andharvest crops. This may lead to lack of food security in the future, where thepopulation could suffer from reduced access to food and nutrition.Despite the challenges caused by urbanisation, it also has the potential to bringnew prosperity to a country. With more workers in the cities, factories can operatemore efficiently and produce goods for export. In some countries, urbanisation hashelped to lift millions of people out of poverty.wealth inequalitythe unequal distributionof money and assets ina group of peoplefood securitya state where allpeople at all times haveaccess to enough safe,nutritious food to sustaina healthy lifeexportsending goods or servicesfrom one country toanother for sale5.4 CHECK YOUR LEARNINGReview and understand1 In your own words, define‘urbanisation’.2 In your own words, define ‘migration’.3 Identify three reasons why peoplemove from rural areas to urban areas.Apply and analyse4 Distinguish between ‘push factors’and ‘pull factors’. Remember, when youdistinguish between two things, youshould talk about how they are different.5 Using the data in Source 13:a describe the change in Indonesia’spopulation between 1950 and today.b predict whether this trend isexpected to continue into the future,and give reasons for your answer.Evaluate and create6 Research one of the consequencesof urbanisation in Indonesia listed inthis topic. Write a short paragraphexplaining how this is affecting thepeople of Indonesia today.7 Interview a person who has movedhome – either interstate orbetween countries. Whatwere the push andpull factors thathelp explain why

people at all times haveaccess to enough safe,nutritious food to sustaina healthy lifeexportsending goods or servicesfrom one country toanother for sale5.4 CHECK YOUR LEARNINGReview and understand1 In your own words, define‘urbanisation’.2 In your own words, define ‘migration’.3 Identify three reasons why peoplemove from rural areas to urban areas

Urbanization is the process of building cities and the migration of people to cities. (    )Question 1AnswerTrueFalse

How has the causes and consequences of urbanisation changed the characteristics of places over time and how can these changes be sustainably managed into the future?

Identify one reason why people choose to live in Jakarta.2 Describe one consequence of urbanisation in Jakarta.Apply and analyse3 Describe some of the natural features of Jakarta that havecontributed to flooding.4 Explain how human activities have contributed to flooding.Evaluate and create5 Use your field sketching skills (see Rich task 4C on pages 124to 125) to sketch Source 10. (A larger version is available onyour obook pro.) Label the following features on your sketch:apartment towers, mosque, kampong, flooded area, parkland.6 ‘Poor people are often the most vulnerable in cities, andare more impacted by disasters than wealthier people.’To what extent do you agree with this statement – completely,somewhat or not at all? Use Source 10 to support your answe