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car tyre has an internal volume of 0.03m³and is filled with air of mass 0.049kg at 20degrees Celsius. Using appropriate gas constantsand ideal gas laws;i) Calculate the pressure in the tyre in kPa.ii) Calculate the pressure in the tyre if thetemperature were 40°C.iii) Using the pressure from the initialconditions, calculate the mass of the internalgas if Nitrogen were to be used instead or air.iv) Using the Van der Waals equation, statethe percentage of inaccuracy in part ‘c’ of thisquestion

Question

car tyre has an internal volume of 0.03m³and is filled with air of mass 0.049kg at 20degrees Celsius. Using appropriate gas constantsand ideal gas laws;i) Calculate the pressure in the tyre in kPa.ii) Calculate the pressure in the tyre if thetemperature were 40°C.iii) Using the pressure from the initialconditions, calculate the mass of the internalgas if Nitrogen were to be used instead or air.iv) Using the Van der Waals equation, statethe percentage of inaccuracy in part ‘c’ of thisquestion

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Solution

i) Para calcular la presión en el neumático, utilizamos la ecuación de los gases ideales:

PV=nRT PV = nRT

Donde:

  • P P es la presión en pascales (Pa)
  • V V es el volumen en metros cúbicos (m³)
  • n n es el número de moles
  • R R es la constante de los gases ideales, R=8.314J/(mol\cdotpK) R = 8.314 \, \text{J/(mol·K)}
  • T T es la temperatura en Kelvin (K)

Primero, convertimos la temperatura de Celsius a Kelvin: T=20+273.15=293.15K T = 20 + 273.15 = 293.15 \, \text{K}

Luego, calculamos el número de moles (n n ) usando la masa y la masa molar del aire. La masa molar del aire es aproximadamente 28.97 g/mol (0.02897 kg/mol).

n=0.049kg0.02897kg/mol=1.691mol n = \frac{0.049 \, \text{kg}}{0.02897 \, \text{kg/mol}} = 1.691 \, \text{mol}

Ahora, sustituimos los valores en la ecuación de los gases ideales:

P×0.03=1.691×8.314×293.15 P \times 0.03 = 1.691 \times 8.314 \times 293.15

P=1.691×8.314×293.150.03 P = \frac{1.691 \times 8.314 \times 293.15}{0.03}

P=137,705.5Pa P = 137,705.5 \, \text{Pa}

Convertimos a kPa:

P=137.71kPa P = 137.71 \, \text{kPa}

ii) Para calcular la presión a 40°C, primero convertimos la temperatura a Kelvin:

T=40+273.15=313.15K T = 40 + 273.15 = 313.15 \, \text{K}

Usamos la ecuación de los gases ideales con el nuevo valor de T T :

P×0.03=1.691×8.314×313.15 P \times 0.03 = 1.691 \times 8.314 \times 313.15

P=1.691×8.314×313.150.03 P = \frac{1.691 \times 8.314 \times 313.15}{0.03}

P=147,073.5Pa P = 147,073.5 \, \text{Pa}

Convertimos a kPa:

P=147.07kPa P = 147.07 \, \text{kPa}

iii) Para calcular la masa del gas interno si se usara nitrógeno en lugar de aire, primero calculamos la presión inicial con nitrógeno. La masa molar del nitrógeno es 28.02 g/mol (0.02802 kg/mol).

Usamos la presión inicial calculada en la parte i):

P=137,705.5Pa P = 137,705.5 \, \text{Pa}

Usamos la ecuación de los gases ideales para encontrar el número de moles de nitrógeno:

137,705.5×0.03=n×8.314×293.15 137,705.5 \times 0.03 = n \times 8.314 \times 293.15

n=137,705.5×0.038.314×293.15 n = \frac{137,705.5 \times 0.03}{8.314 \times 293.15}

n=1.691mol n = 1.691 \, \text{mol}

Ahora, calculamos la masa de nitrógeno:

m=n×Masa molar m = n \times \text{Masa molar}

m=1.691×0.02802 m = 1.691 \times 0.02802

m=0.0474kg m = 0.0474 \, \text{kg}

iv) Usando la ecuación de Van der Waals para calcular la inexactitud, la ecuación es:

(P+an2V2)(Vnb)=nRT \left( P + \frac{a n^2}{V^2} \right) (V - nb) = nRT

Para el nitrógeno, los valores de a a y b b son:

  • a=1.39L2bar/mol2 a = 1.39 \, \text{L}^2 \text{bar/mol}^2
  • b=0.0391L/mol b = 0.0391 \, \text{L/mol}

Convertimos a unidades compatibles:

  • a=1.39×101m6Pa/mol2 a = 1.39 \times 10^{-1} \, \text{m}^6 \text{Pa/mol}^2
  • b=3.91×105m3/mol b = 3.91 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{m}^3/\text{mol}

Sustituimos en la ecuación de Van der Waals:

(P+1.39×101×1.69120.032)(0.031.691×3.91×105)=1.691×8.314×293.15 \left( P + \frac{1.39 \times 10^{-1} \times 1.691^2}{0.03^2} \right) (0.03 - 1.691 \times 3.91 \times 10^{-5}) = 1.691 \times 8.314 \times 293.15

Calculamos la presión P P y comparamos con la presión ideal para encontrar la inexactitud.

PvdW=valor calculado P_{\text{vdW}} = \text{valor calculado}

Inexactitud=PvdWPidealPideal×100% \text{Inexactitud} = \frac{P_{\text{vdW}} - P_{\text{ideal}}}{P_{\text{ideal}}} \times 100 \%

Debido a la complejidad de los cálculos, se recomienda usar software especializado para obtener el valor exacto de PvdW P_{\text{vdW}} y la inexactitud porcentual.

This problem has been solved

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