Around three years later, the researchers conducted another study related to the potential effect of alcohol on perceptions of attractiveness.The study involved participants from two different pubs. After some time drinking at the pub, participants were asked to rate the attractiveness of male and female faces on a tablet device.After each participant had rated the faces, the amount of alcohol in their breath was measured.The researchers created three groups of participants for analysis, based on the amount of alcohol measured in their breath: low alcohol, medium alcohol, high alcohol.Use the information provided above to answer the following questions.What kind of study was this? What is the explanatory variable? Is the explanatory variable best described as a treatment variable or a factor of interest? Based on the design of the study and supporting statistical evidence (e.g. an appropriate hypothesis test), could a claim be made for these participants that the amount of alcohol consumed causes changes to the attractiveness ratings given
Question
Around three years later, the researchers conducted another study related to the potential effect of alcohol on perceptions of attractiveness.The study involved participants from two different pubs. After some time drinking at the pub, participants were asked to rate the attractiveness of male and female faces on a tablet device.After each participant had rated the faces, the amount of alcohol in their breath was measured.The researchers created three groups of participants for analysis, based on the amount of alcohol measured in their breath: low alcohol, medium alcohol, high alcohol.Use the information provided above to answer the following questions.What kind of study was this? What is the explanatory variable? Is the explanatory variable best described as a treatment variable or a factor of interest? Based on the design of the study and supporting statistical evidence (e.g. an appropriate hypothesis test), could a claim be made for these participants that the amount of alcohol consumed causes changes to the attractiveness ratings given
Solution
This study is an observational study. The explanatory variable in this study is the amount of alcohol consumed by the participants. This variable is best described as a factor of interest, as the researchers did not manipulate the amount of alcohol consumed by the participants, but rather observed the effects of the naturally occurring levels of alcohol consumption.
Based on the design of the study, it would not be appropriate to make a claim that the amount of alcohol consumed causes changes to the attractiveness ratings given. This is because in an observational study, the researchers do not control or manipulate the explanatory variable, so they cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship. They can only observe associations or trends. To establish causality, a controlled experiment would need to be conducted where the amount of alcohol consumed is manipulated by the researchers.
In addition, without supporting statistical evidence such as results from an appropriate hypothesis test, it would not be possible to determine whether any observed differences in attractiveness ratings between the different groups are statistically significant, or whether they could have occurred by chance.
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