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Single File Programming QuestionProblem StatementEmilia, a passionate computer science explorer, is on a journey to master string manipulation. She has devised a unique pattern decoding system and needs your help to implement it. Your task is to write a program that takes a string as input and decodes it according to the following rules:If a digit 'n' is encountered, it means that the substring enclosed in square brackets '[' and ']' should be repeated 'n' times.If a pair of square brackets is encountered without a preceding digit, the enclosed substring should be repeated once.ExampleInput: 3[Hello]2[World]Output:HelloHelloHelloWorldWorldExplanation: In this example, the substring "Hello" is repeated three times, and "World" is repeated two times as indicated by the digits preceding the square brackets.Input format :The input is a single line string (k) containing alphanumeric characters, square brackets ('[' and ']'), and digits ('0'-'9').Output format :The output displays a single line string representing the decoded version of the input string.Refer to the sample output for the formatting specifications.Code constraints :In the given scenario, the test cases fall under the following constraints:3 ≤ k ≤ 15Sample test cases :Input 1 :3[Hello]2[World]Output 1 :HelloHelloHelloWorldWorldInput 2 :3[b2[ca]]Output 2 :bcacabcacabcacaInput 3 :3[a3[b]1[ab]]Output 3 :abbbababbbababbbabInput 4 :3[b]Output 4 :bbbNote :The program will be evaluated only after the “Submit Code” is clicked.Extra spaces and new line characters in the program output will result in the failure of the test case.

Question

Single File Programming QuestionProblem StatementEmilia, a passionate computer science explorer, is on a journey to master string manipulation. She has devised a unique pattern decoding system and needs your help to implement it. Your task is to write a program that takes a string as input and decodes it according to the following rules:If a digit 'n' is encountered, it means that the substring enclosed in square brackets '[' and ']' should be repeated 'n' times.If a pair of square brackets is encountered without a preceding digit, the enclosed substring should be repeated once.ExampleInput: 3[Hello]2[World]Output:HelloHelloHelloWorldWorldExplanation: In this example, the substring "Hello" is repeated three times, and "World" is repeated two times as indicated by the digits preceding the square brackets.Input format :The input is a single line string (k) containing alphanumeric characters, square brackets ('[' and ']'), and digits ('0'-'9').Output format :The output displays a single line string representing the decoded version of the input string.Refer to the sample output for the formatting specifications.Code constraints :In the given scenario, the test cases fall under the following constraints:3 ≤ k ≤ 15Sample test cases :Input 1 :3[Hello]2[World]Output 1 :HelloHelloHelloWorldWorldInput 2 :3[b2[ca]]Output 2 :bcacabcacabcacaInput 3 :3[a3[b]1[ab]]Output 3 :abbbababbbababbbabInput 4 :3[b]Output 4 :bbbNote :The program will be evaluated only after the “Submit Code” is clicked.Extra spaces and new line characters in the program output will result in the failure of the test case.

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Solution

The problem is asking to implement a string decoding system. The rules of the system are as follows:

  1. If a digit 'n' is encountered, it means that the substring enclosed in square brackets '[' and ']' should be repeated 'n' times.
  2. If a pair of square brackets is encountered without a preceding digit, the enclosed substring should be repeated once.

Here is a Python solution for the problem:

def decode_string(s):
    stack = []
    stack.append(["", 1])
    num = ""
    for ch in s:
        if ch.isdigit():
            num += ch
        elif ch == '[':
            stack.append(["", int(num)])
            num = ""
        elif ch == ']':
            st, k = stack.pop()
            stack[-1][0] += st*k
        else:
            stack[-1][0] += ch
    return stack[0][0]

This function uses a stack to keep track of the substrings and their repeat counts. When a digit is encountered, it is added to the current number string. When an opening bracket is encountered, a new element is pushed onto the stack with the current number as the repeat count and an empty string as the substring. When a closing bracket is encountered, the top element is popped from the stack, and its substring is repeated according to its repeat count and appended to the substring of the new top element of the stack. When a character is encountered, it is appended to the substring of the top element of the stack. Finally, the function returns the substring of the initial element on the stack, which contains the decoded string.

This problem has been solved

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