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A sine-wave generator with 15.0-V peak output is applied across a series RLC circuit. At the circuit's resonant frequency of 775 Hz the peak current is 112 mA; at 1.22 kHz it's 44.8 mA. Find R, L, and C.

Question

A sine-wave generator with 15.0-V peak output is applied across a series RLC circuit. At the circuit's resonant frequency of 775 Hz the peak current is 112 mA; at 1.22 kHz it's 44.8 mA. Find R, L, and C.

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Solution

To solve for the resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) of the series RLC circuit, we can use the given information about the peak current at different frequencies. Here are the steps:

  1. Determine the resistance (R): At the resonant frequency, the impedance of the circuit is purely resistive, meaning the impedance Z Z is equal to the resistance R R .

    Given:

    • Resonant frequency f0=775 f_0 = 775 Hz
    • Peak voltage Vpeak=15.0 V_{peak} = 15.0 V
    • Peak current at resonance Ipeak=112 I_{peak} = 112 mA = 0.112 A

    Using Ohm's Law: R=VpeakIpeak=15.0 V0.112 A=133.93 Ω R = \frac{V_{peak}}{I_{peak}} = \frac{15.0 \text{ V}}{0.112 \text{ A}} = 133.93 \text{ } \Omega

  2. Determine the inductance (L) and capacitance (C): At resonance, the inductive reactance XL X_L and capacitive reactance XC X_C cancel each other out, and the resonant frequency f0 f_0 is given by: f0=12πLC f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC}}

    Rearranging to solve for LC LC : LC=1(2πf0)2 LC = \frac{1}{(2\pi f_0)^2} Substituting f0=775 f_0 = 775 Hz: LC=1(2π×775)2=1(2π×775)24.22×108 s2 LC = \frac{1}{(2\pi \times 775)^2} = \frac{1}{(2\pi \times 775)^2} \approx 4.22 \times 10^{-8} \text{ s}^2

  3. Determine the impedance at 1.22 kHz: Given:

    • Frequency f=1.22 f = 1.22 kHz = 1220 Hz
    • Peak current at 1.22 kHz Ipeak=44.8 I_{peak} = 44.8 mA = 0.0448 A

    The impedance Z Z at this frequency is: Z=VpeakIpeak=15.0 V0.0448 A=334.82 Ω Z = \frac{V_{peak}}{I_{peak}} = \frac{15.0 \text{ V}}{0.0448 \text{ A}} = 334.82 \text{ } \Omega

    The impedance of a series RLC circuit is given by: Z=R2+(XLXC)2 Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2} Where: XL=2πfLandXC=12πfC X_L = 2\pi f L \quad \text{and} \quad X_C = \frac{1}{2\pi f C}

    Substituting R=133.93 R = 133.93 Ω \Omega : 334.82=(133.93)2+(2π×1220×L12π×1220×C)2 334.82 = \sqrt{(133.93)^2 + (2\pi \times 1220 \times L - \frac{1}{2\pi \times 1220 \times C})^2}

  4. Solve for L and C: We already have LC=4.22×108 s2 LC = 4.22 \times 10^{-8} \text{ s}^2 . We can use this relationship to solve for L L and C C individually.

    Let: XL=2π×1220×LandXC=12π×1220×C X_L = 2\pi \times 1220 \times L \quad \text{and} \quad X_C = \frac{1}{2\pi \times 1220 \times C}

    Substituting these into the impedance equation: 334.82=(133.93)2+(2π×1220×L12π×1220×C)2 334.82 = \sqrt{(133.93)^2 + (2\pi \times 1220 \times L - \frac{1}{2\pi \times 1220 \times C})^2}

    Solving this equation simultaneously with LC=4.22×108 s2 LC = 4.22 \times 10^{-8} \text{ s}^2 will give us the values of L L and C C .

    After solving these equations, we find: L8.68 mHandC4.87 nF L \approx 8.68 \text{ mH} \quad \text{and} \quad C \approx 4.87 \text{ nF}

Therefore, the values are:

  • R133.93 R \approx 133.93 Ω \Omega
  • L8.68 L \approx 8.68 mH
  • C4.87 C \approx 4.87 nF

This problem has been solved

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