When a B cell or T cell is stimulated by antigen, it divides, producing many identical copies of itself. This is an important part of the selection model.
Question
When a B cell or T cell is stimulated by antigen, it divides, producing many identical copies of itself. This is an important part of the selection model.
Solution
When a B cell or T cell is activated by an antigen, it undergoes a process called clonal expansion. Here are the steps:
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Antigen Recognition: The process begins when an antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as a macrophage or dendritic cell, presents an antigen to a B cell or T cell. The antigen is a foreign substance, such as a bacterium or virus, that has entered the body. The B cell or T cell recognizes the antigen as foreign because it binds to a specific receptor on the cell's surface.
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Activation: Once the B cell or T cell has recognized the antigen, it becomes activated. This activation signals the cell to prepare for division.
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Clonal Expansion: After activation, the B cell or T cell begins to divide rapidly. This process is called clonal expansion because each division produces clones, or identical copies, of the original cell. These clones all have the same antigen-specific receptor as the original cell.
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Effector Function: The clones then differentiate into effector cells, which carry out the immune response. For B cells, this means producing antibodies that can neutralize the antigen. For T cells, this can mean killing infected cells or helping other cells of the immune system.
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Memory: Some of the clones become memory cells. These cells remain in the body long after the infection has been cleared, ready to respond quickly if the same antigen is encountered again.
This process is a crucial part of the clonal selection model, which explains how the immune system can produce a specific response to an almost infinite variety of antigens.
Similar Questions
T cell maturation and development of their antigen-specific receptors takes place in the . B cells mature in the where they also develop their specificity to a single antigen. This specificity in both B and T cells is made possible through genetic . The genes that code for the variable regions of both B and T cell receptors are cut and spliced during the process of both cells. Because genetic rearrangement occurs at the level of the rather than in the RNA following , the changes are permanent, resulting in each cell being capable of binding to a single antigen in a pool of up to 1018 possible variations. B cell receptors are that are comprised of four and have two identical antigen binding sites. The region of the immunoglobulin is embedded in the cell membrane, and the variable regions are facing outward in order to bind to their potential antigenic match. Unlike B cell receptors, T cell receptors are comprised of two polypeptides and have antigen binding site(s) that is exposed. Like B cell receptors, their specificity to a single antigen is determined any encounters with antigens.
T cell independent activation of B cells:Select one alternative:is induced by antigens with repeated epitopes.results in production of predominantly IgG isotype.involves the separation of B cell receptors (BCRs) on the B cell surface.is more common than T cell dependent activation of B cells.
Which of the following is a common feature between T and B cells?ANSWERBoth will undergo proliferation and differentiation to make plasma cells.Both mature in the bone marrow.Both require an antigen-presenting cell to become activated.Both produce memory cells after activation.
The clonal selection model states that Blank______.Multiple choice question.antigens bind to specific receptors on a B cell or a T cell, which then divides producing many identical copies of itselfantigens induce cells to undergo apoptosis, programmed cell deathantigen presenting cells display fragments of engulfed pathogens in the grooves of their MHC moleculesforeign cells will burst when complement proteins form a membrane attack complex in the target cell
What is the difference between a B cell and a T cell epitope?
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