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There is a pack of four cards numbered 1 to 4. There is also a coin with one side marked as heads and the other tails.As a trial of an experiment, a card was drawn and the coin was flipped. The number 1 to 4 of the card and the side H for heads and T for tails of the coin from the flip were recorded.Here is a summary of the data from 60 trials.Outcome 1H 2H 3H 4H 1T 2T 3T 4TNumber of trials 5 7 9 11 5 10 6 7Answer each part.(a) Use the data to find the experimental probability of this event: both drawing the 1, 3, or 4 card and flipping heads, in a single trial. Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.(b) Assuming the card was chosen at random and the coin is fair, find the theoretical probability of this event: both drawing the 1, 3, or 4 card and flipping heads, in a single trial. Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.(c) Choose the statement that is true.

Question

There is a pack of four cards numbered 1 to 4. There is also a coin with one side marked as heads and the other tails.As a trial of an experiment, a card was drawn and the coin was flipped. The number 1 to 4 of the card and the side H for heads and T for tails of the coin from the flip were recorded.Here is a summary of the data from 60 trials.Outcome 1H 2H 3H 4H 1T 2T 3T 4TNumber of trials 5 7 9 11 5 10 6 7Answer each part.(a) Use the data to find the experimental probability of this event: both drawing the 1, 3, or 4 card and flipping heads, in a single trial. Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.(b) Assuming the card was chosen at random and the coin is fair, find the theoretical probability of this event: both drawing the 1, 3, or 4 card and flipping heads, in a single trial. Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.(c) Choose the statement that is true.

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Solution

(a) The experimental probability of drawing the 1, 3, or 4 card and flipping heads in a single trial can be found by adding the number of trials where these events occurred and dividing by the total number of trials.

The number of trials where the 1, 3, or 4 card was drawn and heads was flipped is 5 (for 1H) + 9 (for 3H) + 11 (for 4H) = 25.

The total number of trials is 60.

So, the experimental probability is 25/60 = 0.417. Rounded to the nearest thousandth, this is 0.417.

(b) The theoretical probability of drawing the 1, 3, or 4 card and flipping heads in a single trial can be found by multiplying the probability of drawing the 1, 3, or 4 card by the probability of flipping heads.

There are 3 favorable outcomes (drawing the 1, 3, or 4 card) out of 4 possible outcomes (drawing any of the 4 cards), so the probability of drawing the 1, 3, or 4 card is 3/4 = 0.75.

There is 1 favorable outcome (flipping heads) out of 2 possible outcomes (flipping heads or tails), so the probability of flipping heads is 1/2 = 0.5.

So, the theoretical probability is 0.75 * 0.5 = 0.375. Rounded to the nearest thousandth, this is 0.375.

(c) The statement that is true is: "The experimental probability is greater than the theoretical probability." This is because 0.417 (the experimental probability) is greater than 0.375 (the theoretical probability).

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