Physical PropertiesPhysical properties are characteristics of materials that we can see or measure without changing the material's basic identity. Imagine you have a piece of chocolate. Some of its physical properties are: Color, Texture, Hardness, Melting Point, Taste, Density, Opacity.Physical Properties of Metals:Metals are known for their unique characteristics:Luster: Metals have a shiny and reflective surface, often described as metallic luster. This property makes them attractive and valuable for various applications, such as jewelry and coins.Metals are LustrousConductivity: Metals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity. They allow heat and electrical current to flow through them with minimal resistance. This property makes them essential in electrical wiring and cooking utensils.Metals conduct electricity due to presence of free electronsMalleability: Metals can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking. This property is known as malleability and allows metals to be shaped into various forms, like aluminum foils and copper sheets.MalleabilityDuctility: Metals can be drawn into thin wires without breaking. This property is called ductility and is crucial for making wires for electrical purposes, such as copper wires in electrical cables.DuctilityDensity: Metals are generally dense materials, meaning they have a relatively high mass for their volume. This property makes them suitable for making heavy machinery and structural components.Melting and Boiling Points: Metals usually have high melting and boiling points. For example, iron melts at around 1,535 degrees Celsius. The metals have a closely packed structure and have a strong intermolecular force of attraction. To break these intermolecular force of attraction, more heat is required and therefore they have a high melting point except for some metals like gallium and caesium.Physical Properties of Non-Metals:Non-metals, on the other hand, have properties that are quite different from metals:Lack of Luster: Non-metals do not have the shiny appearance of metals; instead, they can be dull or have various colors.Non Metals Lack LustrePoor Conductors: Non-metals are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. They do not allow the easy flow of electrical current and heat.Sulfur is poor conductor of heat and electricityBrittleness: Many non-metals are brittle and tend to break or crumble when subjected to force. For example, sulfur and phosphorus are brittle non-metals. Non Metals are not Malleable or Ductile.Non Metals are Brittle i.e. Crumble into PiecesLow Density: Non-metals usually have lower density compared to metals. This means they have a lower mass for a given volume.Low Melting and Boiling Points: Non-metals often have low melting and boiling points. Non-metals are held by weak intermolecular force of attraction, so less heat required to break them. As a result, they have low melting points.Variety of States: Non-metals can exist in different states at room temperature. For example, oxygen is a gas, while bromine is a liquid, and sulfur is a solid.Understanding these physical properties is essential as they form the basis for classifying elements as metals or non-metals. These properties also determine the various applications of these elements in our daily lives and various industries.