. Observance of medical secrecy is necessary for:the protection of social and economic interests of the individualprotect the inner world of a person, his autonomymaintaining the prestige of the medical professionprotection from manipulation by external forcesall of the above is true2. The moral and ethical problems of medical genetics (diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis) are not relevant to:quality of life of the communitythe interests of families and relatives of the patientthe previous generationswell-being and health of the offspring of future generations3. The genetic prognostical testing is produced:for medical and moral preparation and enhanceable caring about a future child and for clarification of clinical diagnosisonly in curative aimswith the purpose of creation of favourable social terms for persons with enhanceable by intellectual capabilitiesonly for medical scientific researches4. The participation of doctors in torture and corporal punishment of prisoners and the use for this purpose, the knowledge can be justified:as the punishment for crimes committedin the interests of the community in obtaining the necessary informationis prohibited in all circumstancesin the interests of the developing science5. The value of human life in biomedical ethics is determined by:the mental and physical usefulnessthe financial solvencythe uniqueness and originality of the individualracial and national originage (number of years lived.6. "Convention about human rights and biomedicine" (1997) at drawing on accomplishments of biology and medicine is obligated to protect and guarantee everything, except:providing of economic value and material interestobservance of human rights and basic freedomsdefence of individuality of every human creaturerespect of dignity of manrespect of integrity and inviolability of personality7. Respect for privacy rights by the attending physician involves:information on the health of the patient's family members, upon requestsecrecy about his healthcompliance with its franchisetransfer of information on the nature of his illness the patient's employer8. Is informed voluntary consent of the patient (or trusted persons) necessary prerequisite for medical intervention?yesno9. Deontology - ispart of the ethicsthe science of the rules of behavior in societythe doctrine of moral dutyteaching about social justice10. Determining the solution of complex medical ethical issues in professional life is all, except:secular ethicsthe national legislationtraditional religious moralitythe personal benefitthe principles of professional ethicsinternational law11. Active euthanasia is different from the passive:active intervention of a doctor in the process of termination of life at the request of the patientthe priority of the doctor's decision before the decision to terminate the patient's lifelack of consent or request of the patient's deprivation of lifewillful or intentional deprivation of life12. The correct definition of ethics as a science is:ethics - the science of minimizing harm to human relationsethics - the science of nature and sense of moral relationships and moral principlesethics - the science of living beings for each otherethics - the science of the ability to behave in society13. Interference with the sphere of health of man can come true:on the basis of medical testimonieson the basis of requirement of relativeson the basis of free, realized and informed consent of patienton the basis of rareness of picture of disease and his cognitive value14. A fundamental principle in Hippocrate model of biomedical ethics is :do no harmthe principle of individual autonomydon,t killthe priority of the interests of science15. In what cases is the donor's consent necessary for the removal of organs from his body?in all casesin cases stipulated by law16. For deontological model of doctor-patient relationship is the fundamental principle:the duty to performkeep medical confidentialitythe principle of noninterferencedo not commit adulteryhelp to a colleague17. Etiquette is a form of behavior, meaningthe special conditional politenessconfession of value of social deference to rankcapacity of man for social adaptationscience dealing with nature and sense of moral mutual relations and moral principlesconfession of value of the special rules of behavior is in social and professional relationscustom18. The concept of "charity" includes everything, except:a sense of compassionwillingness to provide assistance to those who need itforbearancewillingness to fulfill any request by a person19. The idea of justice in medicine – is :high-wage health care workersall the abovemercy physiciansgrant aid a sick personthe same high level of care to all people20. To faithful determination of justice behaves:a justice is justness, execution of law and answer by good on an evila justice is principle, regulative relations between peoplejustice is primary principle of distribution of material welfares and monetary resourcesa justice is a situational benefit, action, resulta justice is this equality

1. The genetic prognostical testing is produced:only for medical scientific researchesonly in curative aimswith the purpose of creation of favourable social terms for persons with enhanceable by intellectual capabilitiesfor medical and moral preparation and enhanceable caring about a future child and for clarification of clinical diagnosis2. Medical care is a form of expression:the economic interest of professionalsthe charity and social justicethe privileges for certain sectors of societymarket-oriented division of labor and a source of profit3. Medicine behaves to one of next types of knowledge :interdisciplinaryhumanitariannatural science4. The central guiding principle to medical decision making?Individual LibertyAutonomySubstituted JudgmentSelf-determination5. AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. day is :May 1December 20December 1June 16. Can human organs and tissues be the subject of buying and sale?sometimesnoyes7. The genetic prognostical testing discovers:social danger of mangenetic predisposition or receptivity to some illnesscreative or business insolvency of personality8. For the modern model of professional ethics - Bioethics, the basic principle is:the principle of priority of the rights and dignity of the patientthe principle of "respect for duty"the principle of "do no harm"the principle of noninterferencethe principle of priority of science9. The participation of doctors in torture and corporal punishment of prisoners and the use for this purpose, the knowledge can be justified:is prohibited in all circumstancesin the interests of the community in obtaining the necessary informationin the interests of the developing scienceas the punishment for crimes committed10. Is informed voluntary consent of the patient (or trusted persons) necessary prerequisite for medical intervention?noyes

. Genetic prognostic testing detectsbusiness insolvencycreative failure of personalitysocial danger of humangenetic predisposition or susceptibility to any disease22. Forcibly holding an HIV-infected patient in a hospital may be carried out in case of:Serious danger to others.Difficulties in adopting moral, social, political values.Exacerbation of an incontinence disorder in an institution.Serious danger to the patient.Impossibility of appropriate treatment.23. Genetics as a science arisedat the turn of the 19th and 20th centuriesin the 18th centuryat the turn of the 18th and 19th centuriesin the 19th centuryin the 20th century24. A 25 years old healthy male dies in a fatal road traffic accident; he has advance directives about his organ donations. Health care rationing of organs take multiple factors into account for deciding of who will be recipient of organ. Social utility, equity, equality, distributive justice, beneficence and expected life expectancy after organ transplantation ,all perspectives play roles in allocating of scarce organs to recipients, as waiting lists are lengthy and decision is tough. The most likely recipient of organ will be:e) A 40 years old female with heart failure and HIV positive.a) A 45 years alcoholic with irreversible liver failure.b) A 75 years old female with extreme form of dementia and end stage renal failure.d) A 10 years old male with multi organ failure and brain death.c) A 35 years young entrepreneur with acute renal failure.25. Term euthanasia for the first time demandedSoloviev V.S.F. BaconSocratesA. SchweitzerHippocrates26. The main reasons for legalization of abortion relatedsafety of abortionStrengthening conservative views on gender issuesmassive increase in the number of criminal abortionshigh social status of a large familylow involvement of women in public life27. The term euthanasia for the first time coinedIn the XVII centuryIn the XIX centuryIn the 21st centuryIn the XX centuryIn the 6th century A.D.28. Disclosure of medical secret without consent of a patient by a doctorfor research workin the learning processin the interests of examining and treating a patient who is not able to express his willwhen using information for media publicationsWhen published in scientific literature29. Argument against eutanasia isabsolute human autonomythe threat of inhibition of the development of medicineeconomiceugenics (genetic selection)mercy ("last cure")30. Determining the hereditary disease of a developing fetus, the fate of this fetus (continued pregnancy or abortion) in the right to decideonly parentspublic health authoritiesonly professional doctorsreligious associationsfamily doctors31. Decision to passive eutanasia, or on the beginning of intensive therapy depends ondetermining the motives of the activity and the doctor’s deednature of the explanation of the doctor’s decisionobjective picture of the diseasetechnical medical means and situational opportunitiesThe universal human right to life32. Use of prenatal diagnostics for the eugenic purpose islamic ethics:сondemnsis neutral, relying on a person’s own opinionrecognizes33. Auxiliary reproductive technologies are prohibited to use1. in order to choose the sex of the unborn childwith female infertilityto prevent the inheritance of a serious sex-linked illnesswith abnormalities of the development of the genital organswith male infertility34. Homological transplantation is a transfer fromhuman to animalrabbit to the dogfrom and to organism of one speciesanimal to manan organism of another species35. EutanasiaThere is no legislation on this issue.prohibited by law in all countriespermitted by law in some countriesallowed by law in all countriesThe law on euthanasia is under discussion36. Each proven HIV/AIDS case should be reported to relevant authorities:On the base of indication of complete patient data.On the base of indication of indication of family information.With data on the place of work.Not to be reported (according to the principle of confidentiality).Anonymously.37. Reference to the main reasons for legalization of abortionStrengthening conservative views on gender issueslow involvement of women in public lifesafety of abortionadaptation to social standardshigh social status of a large family38. The main reason for the commercialization of transplantology isthirst for profit (self-interest)all of the aboveThe country economic backwardnessdeficiency of donor organspoor parenting39. Human genome decidedin 1900in January 1999not decryptedin 2003in June 200040. Reference to the main reasons for legalization of abortionlow involvement of women in public lifehigh social status of a large familyStrengthening conservative views on gender issuestechnological comfort of abortionsafety of abortion

The IT staff at a hospital shares genetic information about specific patients with a life insurance company. Which ethical standard was violated?answerProperty rightsHuman dignityConfidentialityCivility

34. Convention on human rights and biomedicine (1997). Use of medical technologies for the purpose of choosing a childallows within the framework of scientific projectsprohibits in any caseallows at the request of a womanallows for the prevention of child inheritance of a sex-related diseaseallows at the request of parents35. Term euthanasia for the first time demandedSoloviev V.S.HippocratesA. SchweitzerF. BaconSocrates36. Determining the hereditary disease of a developing fetus, the fate of this fetus (continued pregnancy or abortion) in the right to decideonly parentspublic health authoritiesreligious associationsfamily doctorsonly professional doctors37. The definitions of brain death do not applythe death of the parts of the brain responsible for the safety of a person as a persona condition expressed by post-mortem changes in all organs and systems that are irreversible, cadavericthe death of the whole brain, including its trunk, with an irreversible unconscious state, the cessation of independent breathing and the disappearance of all stem reflexesbrain stem death38. Use of prenatal diagnostics for the eugenic purpose islamic ethics:is neutral, relying on a person’s own opinionrecognizesсondemns39. Decision to passive eutanasia, or on the beginning of intensive therapy depends ontechnical medical means and situational opportunitiesThe universal human right to lifedetermining the motives of the activity and the doctor’s deednature of the explanation of the doctor’s decisionobjective picture of the disease40. The principle“Do not harm” in transplantology is violated regarding:surgeonRelatives of the patientdonorrecipientresuscitator

Title: Navigating the Ethical Terrain of Human Genetic Engineering: Balancing Possibilities, Risks and Equities Introduction A brief overview of genetic engineering and its potential in humans Introduction to CRISPR-Cas9 and its significance A preview of the ethical considerations and social implications to be discussed. II Understanding the potential benefits Exploring potential medical breakthroughs through genetic engineering Examples of diseases that can potentially be treated or prevented. Addition of desirable traits and the concept of genetic enhancement Discuss how genetic engineering can contribute to advances in personalized medicine III Assessing Risks and Ethical Concerns Examination of potential risks associated with genetic engineering, including unintended mutations and off-target effects Ethical concerns related to germ cell modification and implications for future generations Consider the potential for abuse, including eugenics and designer babies Discussion of concerns regarding consent, autonomy, and potential for discrimination IV Navigating Ethical Dilemmas Exploring ethical frameworks for evaluating human genetic engineering, including utilitarianism, deontology, and ethics Discuss the importance of public engagement and dialogue in the formulation of ethical guidelines and policies Consideration of regulatory frameworks and international cooperation in managing ethical dilemmas An examination of the role of health care professionals, scientists, policy makers, and ethicists in addressing ethical challenges. V. To ensure equity and guard against unintended consequences Discuss the importance of equitable access to genetic technologies and health care services Consideration of socio-economic disparities and the potential for widening existing inequalities Exploring strategies to ensure transparency, accountability, and oversight in genetic research and applications Evaluation of the role of education and public awareness in promoting the responsible use of genetic technologies VI CONCLUSION Summary of key points discussed regarding the ethical implications of human genetic engineering A call for continued interdisciplinary collaboration and ethical reflection in the development and application of genetic technologies Emphasis on the importance of balancing the potential benefits of genetic engineering with ethical considerations and societal values This outline provides a systematic approach to addressing the overarching question you pose, allowing for an in-depth exploration of the ethical implications of genetic engineering in humans. short Introduction fairy II Potential benefits of genetic engineering in humans Former Discs Exam A III Risks and Ethical Concerns identity Ethical Discussion of IV Navigating Ethical Dilemmas Exploration a Examination Ampo V. Ensuring Equitable Access and Protecting Against Unintended Consequences Discussion of th Examination Street VI CONCLUSION Again Emphasizes the need for a ba