A cylindrical wire of radius 0.5 mm and conductivity 5 × 107 S/m is subjected to an electric field of 10 mV/m. The expected value of current in the wire will be x3π mA. The value of x is ____.
Question
A cylindrical wire of radius 0.5 mm and conductivity 5 × 107 S/m is subjected to an electric field of 10 mV/m. The expected value of current in the wire will be x3π mA. The value of x is ____.
Solution
To find the current in the wire, we can use Ohm's law, which states that the current (I) is equal to the voltage (V) divided by the resistance (R). However, in this case, we are given the electric field (E), the conductivity (σ), and the radius (r) of the wire. We can use these values to find the current.
First, we need to find the cross-sectional area (A) of the wire. The cross-sectional area of a cylinder is given by the formula A = πr². Substituting the given radius of 0.5 mm (or 0.0005 m) into this formula, we get:
A = π * (0.0005 m)² = 7.85 x 10^-7 m².
Next, we can find the current density (J) in the wire. The current density is given by the formula J = σE. Substituting the given conductivity of 5 × 10^7 S/m and the electric field of 10 mV/m (or 0.01 V/m) into this formula, we get:
J = 5 × 10^7 S/m * 0.01 V/m = 5 × 10^5 A/m².
Finally, we can find the current (I) in the wire. The current is given by the formula I = JA. Substituting the current density and the cross-sectional area into this formula, we get:
I = 5 × 10^5 A/m² * 7.85 x 10^-7 m² = 0.3925 A, or 392.5 mA.
So, the expected value of current in the wire will be 392.5π mA. Therefore, the value of x is 392.5.
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