Consider the following four items from a hypothetical measure of how much people enjoy pizza. Each item is assessed on a six-point scale (1 = Strongly Disagree, 6 = Strongly Agree), and the intent is for higher scores to represent greater enjoyment of pizza.Pizza is deliciousI think pizza tastes terribleThe taste of pizza is appealing to mePizza is a food I really enjoy eatingWhat would a researcher need to know about this measure? Group of answer choicesItem 2 needs to be reverse-scoredItem 3 is ambiguousThe items are scored using a Guttman scaleNone of the above

For the following two items, “Pizza is delicious” is scored normally while, “Pizza tastes disgusting” is reverse-scored. The raw, unmodified data shows that a respondent selected ‘Neither agree nor disagree’ (3) for the first item and ‘Disagree’ (2) for the second item. What should this respondent’s score be?  Strongly DisagreeDisagreeNeither Agree nor DisagreeAgreeStrongly AgreePizza is delicious12345Pizza tastes disgusting12345Group of answer choices5 (or 2.5 if using an average)7 (or 3.5 if using an average)4 (or 2 if using an average)9 (or 4.5 if using an average)

What could be a benefit of including a reverse-scored item in a measure?Group of answer choicesAble to more accurately assess pessimistic respondentsIdentify respondents who aren’t paying attention when respondingCatching out respondents who aren’t responding seriouslyBoth b and c

The scale of measurement when the data are labels or names used to identify an attribute of the elements Group of answer choicesordinalrationominalinterval

A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.80 implies thatGroup of answer choicesthe items of the scale have strong internal consistencythe items of the scale are unidimensionalthe items of the scale have low internal consistencyNeed to do subsequent analysis to make any inference

A subscale on a new measure that was developed is found to have a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92. This indicates:a.A subscale score based on the items would demonstrate adequate criterion validityb.The subscale items load onto a single factorc.The items adequately capture the content domain of the relevant constructd.The relevant items are inter-correlated