A chemist prepares a mixture of hexane and chloroform at a temperature of 30.0 °C. He measures out 189. mL of hexane and mixes it with 13.4 mL of chloroform. He measures the volume of the solution after it is well mixed and finds that it is 208. mL. The density of hexane is 0.66 /gmL and the density of chloroform is 1.49 /gmL.Calculate the volume percent of hexane in this solution.Be sure your answer has the right number of significant digits.
Question
A chemist prepares a mixture of hexane and chloroform at a temperature of 30.0 °C. He measures out 189. mL of hexane and mixes it with 13.4 mL of chloroform. He measures the volume of the solution after it is well mixed and finds that it is 208. mL. The density of hexane is 0.66 /gmL and the density of chloroform is 1.49 /gmL.Calculate the volume percent of hexane in this solution.Be sure your answer has the right number of significant digits.
Solution
To calculate the volume percent of hexane in the solution, we need to divide the volume of hexane by the total volume of the solution and then multiply by 100.
Step 1: Calculate the total volume of the solution. The total volume of the solution is the sum of the volume of hexane and the volume of chloroform.
Total volume = Volume of hexane + Volume of chloroform Total volume = 189 mL + 13.4 mL = 202.4 mL
However, the chemist measures the total volume to be 208 mL. This discrepancy is due to the fact that when hexane and chloroform are mixed, they do not simply add together to give the total volume. Some of the hexane molecules fit into the spaces between the chloroform molecules, resulting in a smaller total volume than expected. Therefore, we will use the measured total volume of 208 mL in our calculations.
Step 2: Calculate the volume percent of hexane. The volume percent of hexane is the volume of hexane divided by the total volume of the solution, multiplied by 100.
Volume percent of hexane = (Volume of hexane / Total volume) x 100 Volume percent of hexane = (189 mL / 208 mL) x 100 = 90.87 %
However, we need to consider the number of significant digits in our answer. The volume of hexane (189 mL) and the total volume (208 mL) each have three significant digits, so our final answer should also have three significant digits.
Therefore, the volume percent of hexane in the solution is 90.9 %.
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