In free space on a circle with radius R0, four point masses m are located at the vertices of the inscribed square, two of them carry charge +q, and the other two charge −q. At the initial moment all these particles have same speed in clockwise direction as shown. It is known that during the motion the minimum distance from any of the point masses to the centre O of the initial circle is R1(R1<R0). Consider that at any time, the charges are at the vertices of square centered at point O. The action of gravitational forces can be neglected. Determine the speed (in m/s) of any particle at a position having a distance R1 from the centre of the circle. Take m=22√−1gm, q=1μC,R0=2R1=1 m
Question
In free space on a circle with radius R0, four point masses m are located at the vertices of the inscribed square, two of them carry charge +q, and the other two charge −q. At the initial moment all these particles have same speed in clockwise direction as shown. It is known that during the motion the minimum distance from any of the point masses to the centre O of the initial circle is R1(R1<R0). Consider that at any time, the charges are at the vertices of square centered at point O. The action of gravitational forces can be neglected. Determine the speed (in m/s) of any particle at a position having a distance R1 from the centre of the circle. Take m=22√−1gm, q=1μC,R0=2R1=1 m
Solution
Para resolver este problema, sigamos los siguientes pasos:
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Identificar las fuerzas actuantes:
- Las fuerzas de Coulomb entre las cargas.
- La fuerza centrípeta necesaria para mantener el movimiento circular.
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Calcular la fuerza de Coulomb:
- Las cargas están ubicadas en los vértices de un cuadrado inscrito en un círculo de radio .
- La distancia entre dos cargas adyacentes en el cuadrado es .
La fuerza de Coulomb entre dos cargas y es: donde es la constante de Coulomb () y es la distancia entre las cargas.
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Calcular la fuerza neta sobre una carga:
- Cada carga experimenta fuerzas de repulsión y atracción de las otras tres cargas.
- La fuerza neta será la suma vectorial de estas fuerzas.
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Determinar la fuerza centrípeta:
- La fuerza centrípeta necesaria para mantener el movimiento circular es: donde es la masa de la partícula, es la velocidad y es el radio de la trayectoria en el momento considerado.
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Igualar la fuerza centrípeta a la fuerza neta de Coulomb:
- La fuerza neta de Coulomb debe proporcionar la fuerza centrípeta necesaria para el movimiento circular.
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Resolver para la velocidad :
- Usamos la relación entre las fuerzas para encontrar la velocidad.
Ahora, apliquemos estos pasos con los valores dados:
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Datos proporcionados:
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Calcular la distancia entre las cargas:
- La distancia entre dos cargas adyacentes en el cuadrado es .
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Calcular la fuerza de Coulomb:
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Calcular la fuerza centrípeta:
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Igualar las fuerzas:
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Resolver para :
Simplificando:
Por lo tanto, la velocidad de cualquier partícula en la posición a una distancia del centro del círculo es .
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