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In free space on a circle with radius R0, four point masses m are located at the vertices of the inscribed square, two of them carry charge +q, and the other two charge −q. At the initial moment all these particles have same speed in clockwise direction as shown. It is known that during the motion the minimum distance from any of the point masses to the centre O of the initial circle is R1(R1<R0). Consider that at any time, the charges are at the vertices of square centered at point O. The action of gravitational forces can be neglected. Determine the speed (in m/s) of any particle at a position having a distance R1 from the centre of the circle. Take m=22√−1gm, q=1μC,R0=2R1=1 m

Question

In free space on a circle with radius R0, four point masses m are located at the vertices of the inscribed square, two of them carry charge +q, and the other two charge −q. At the initial moment all these particles have same speed in clockwise direction as shown. It is known that during the motion the minimum distance from any of the point masses to the centre O of the initial circle is R1(R1<R0). Consider that at any time, the charges are at the vertices of square centered at point O. The action of gravitational forces can be neglected. Determine the speed (in m/s) of any particle at a position having a distance R1 from the centre of the circle. Take m=22√−1gm, q=1μC,R0=2R1=1 m

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Solution

Para resolver este problema, sigamos los siguientes pasos:

  1. Identificar las fuerzas actuantes:

    • Las fuerzas de Coulomb entre las cargas.
    • La fuerza centrípeta necesaria para mantener el movimiento circular.
  2. Calcular la fuerza de Coulomb:

    • Las cargas están ubicadas en los vértices de un cuadrado inscrito en un círculo de radio R0 R_0 .
    • La distancia entre dos cargas adyacentes en el cuadrado es R022 \frac{R_0 \sqrt{2}}{2} .

    La fuerza de Coulomb entre dos cargas q q y q -q es: F=keq2d2 F = k_e \frac{q^2}{d^2} donde ke k_e es la constante de Coulomb (8.99×109N m2/C2 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 ) y d d es la distancia entre las cargas.

  3. Calcular la fuerza neta sobre una carga:

    • Cada carga experimenta fuerzas de repulsión y atracción de las otras tres cargas.
    • La fuerza neta será la suma vectorial de estas fuerzas.
  4. Determinar la fuerza centrípeta:

    • La fuerza centrípeta necesaria para mantener el movimiento circular es: Fc=mv2R1 F_c = m \frac{v^2}{R_1} donde m m es la masa de la partícula, v v es la velocidad y R1 R_1 es el radio de la trayectoria en el momento considerado.
  5. Igualar la fuerza centrípeta a la fuerza neta de Coulomb:

    • La fuerza neta de Coulomb debe proporcionar la fuerza centrípeta necesaria para el movimiento circular.
  6. Resolver para la velocidad v v :

    • Usamos la relación entre las fuerzas para encontrar la velocidad.

Ahora, apliquemos estos pasos con los valores dados:

  1. Datos proporcionados:

    • m=221g=22ig=22i×103kg m = 22\sqrt{-1} \, \text{g} = 22i \, \text{g} = 22i \times 10^{-3} \, \text{kg}
    • q=1μC=1×106C q = 1 \, \mu\text{C} = 1 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}
    • R0=1m R_0 = 1 \, \text{m}
    • R1=R02=0.5m R_1 = \frac{R_0}{2} = 0.5 \, \text{m}
  2. Calcular la distancia entre las cargas:

    • La distancia entre dos cargas adyacentes en el cuadrado es R022=1×22=22m \frac{R_0 \sqrt{2}}{2} = \frac{1 \times \sqrt{2}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \, \text{m} .
  3. Calcular la fuerza de Coulomb: F=keq2d2=8.99×109(1×106)2(22)2=8.99×1091×101212=8.99×109×2×1012=17.98×103N F = k_e \frac{q^2}{d^2} = 8.99 \times 10^9 \frac{(1 \times 10^{-6})^2}{(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2})^2} = 8.99 \times 10^9 \frac{1 \times 10^{-12}}{\frac{1}{2}} = 8.99 \times 10^9 \times 2 \times 10^{-12} = 17.98 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{N}

  4. Calcular la fuerza centrípeta: Fc=mv2R1=22i×103v20.5 F_c = m \frac{v^2}{R_1} = 22i \times 10^{-3} \frac{v^2}{0.5}

  5. Igualar las fuerzas: 17.98×103=22i×103v20.5 17.98 \times 10^{-3} = 22i \times 10^{-3} \frac{v^2}{0.5}

  6. Resolver para v v : 17.98×103=44i×103v2 17.98 \times 10^{-3} = 44i \times 10^{-3} v^2 v2=17.98×10344i×103 v^2 = \frac{17.98 \times 10^{-3}}{44i \times 10^{-3}} v2=17.9844i v^2 = \frac{17.98}{44i} v=17.9844i v = \sqrt{\frac{17.98}{44i}}

    Simplificando: v=17.9844im/s v = \sqrt{\frac{17.98}{44i}} \, \text{m/s}

Por lo tanto, la velocidad de cualquier partícula en la posición a una distancia R1 R_1 del centro del círculo es 17.9844im/s \sqrt{\frac{17.98}{44i}} \, \text{m/s} .

This problem has been solved

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