The diagram show a capacitor C and a resistor Rconnected in series to an ac source. V1 and V2 arevoltmeters and A is an ammeterConsider now the following statementsI. Readings in A and V2 are always in phaseII. Reading in V1 is ahead in phase with readingin V2III. Readings in A and V1 are always in phaseWhich of these statements are/is correct?(1) I only(2) II only(3) I and II only(4) II and III only
Question
The diagram show a capacitor C and a resistor Rconnected in series to an ac source. V1 and V2 arevoltmeters and A is an ammeterConsider now the following statementsI. Readings in A and V2 are always in phaseII. Reading in V1 is ahead in phase with readingin V2III. Readings in A and V1 are always in phaseWhich of these statements are/is correct?(1) I only(2) II only(3) I and II only(4) II and III only
Solution
The correct answer is (2) II only.
Here's why:
I. Readings in A and V2 are always in phase - This statement is incorrect. The current (A) and the voltage across the resistor (V2) are in phase in an AC circuit, but the voltage across the capacitor (V2) lags the current by 90 degrees. So, they are not in phase.
II. Reading in V1 is ahead in phase with reading in V2 - This statement is correct. The voltage across the entire circuit (V1) is ahead of the voltage across the capacitor (V2) because the voltage across the resistor is in phase with the current and the voltage across the capacitor lags the current.
III. Readings in A and V1 are always in phase - This statement is incorrect. The current (A) and the voltage across the entire circuit (V1) are not always in phase in an AC circuit. The phase difference depends on the values of the resistance and capacitance. If the circuit is more resistive, the voltage will be more in phase with the current. If the circuit is more capacitive, the voltage will lag behind the current.
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