how to confirm pairwise difference are statistically significant at the 5%？

To confirm if pairwise differences are statistically significant at the 5% level, you can follow these steps:

1. Collect Data: Gather the data for the pairs you are interested in. This could be any two groups or variables you want to compare.

2. Choose a Statistical Test: Depending on the nature of your data, you may choose a t-test (for normally distributed data) or a Mann-Whitney U test (for non-normally distributed data).

3. Perform the Test: Use statistical software or a calculator to perform the test. This will give you a p-value.

4. Interpret the P-value: If the p-value is less than 0.05 (5%), then the difference between the pairs is statistically significant. This means that the probability of observing such a difference by chance alone is less than 5%.

5. Adjust for Multiple Comparisons: If you are testing multiple pairs, you need to adjust your p-value to avoid the problem of multiple comparisons. This can be done using methods like the Bonferroni correction.

6. Report Your Results: Finally, report your results, including the statistical test used, the p-value, and whether the difference was statistically significant.

Remember, statistical significance does not necessarily mean practical or substantive significance. Always interpret your results in the context of your research question and field of study.