Give the statement of Thevenin’s theorem with suitable diagram

Thevenin's theorem states that any linear electrical network with voltage and current sources can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source in series with a single resistor. This equivalent circuit is called the Thevenin equivalent circuit.

To determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit, follow these steps:

1. Identify the load resistor RL in the original circuit.

2. Remove the load resistor RL from the circuit.

3. Determine the open-circuit voltage (Voc) across the terminals where the load resistor was connected. This can be done by using any suitable method such as nodal analysis or mesh analysis.

4. Calculate the equivalent resistance (Req) seen from the terminals where the load resistor was connected. To do this, remove all the independent voltage and current sources from the original circuit and determine the resistance between the terminals using any suitable method such as series and parallel combinations.

5. Draw the Thevenin equivalent circuit, which consists of a voltage source (Vth) equal to the open-circuit voltage Voc and a resistor (Rth) equal to the equivalent resistance Req. The voltage source is connected in series with the resistor.

The Thevenin equivalent circuit simplifies the analysis of complex circuits by reducing them to a simpler circuit with only a voltage source and a resistor. This allows for easier calculations and analysis of the circuit's behavior.