Dehydration caused by frequent loose stools is often observed in patients with certain diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.  Given this, which of the following treatments would be most effective in treating this symptom?A.Use of drugs that increase smooth muscle contractions throughout the GI tractB.Use of drugs that decrease glucose reabsorption from the small intestineC.Use of drugs that increase activity of the parasympathetic nervous systemD.Use of drugs that decrease the luminal secretion of chloride ions from intestinal epithelial cells

Which action does the nurse teach a client to reduce the risk for dehydration?*1 pointa. Restricting sodium intake to no greater than 4 g/dayb. Maintaining an oral intake of at least 1500 mL/dayc. Maintaining a daily oral intake approximately equal to daily fluid lossd. Avoiding the use of glycerin suppositories to manage constipation

A patient on neostigmine complained of frequent diarrhea and salivation. Which is the best nursing action for this situation?*1 pointEducate client about drug therapy to alleviate anxiety as these are expected drug effects.Withhold the dose of the drug and refer to physician.Arrange for increasing the dose of the drug as it is not effective.Document patient response and endorse accordingly for bedside care.Anticholinergic drugs are useD*1 pointTo allow the sympathetic system to dominateTo block the parasympathetic system, which is commonly hyperactiveAs the drugs of choice for treating ulcersTo stimulate GI activityAtropine and scopolamine work by blocking what receptor(s) in the parasympathetic nervous system?*1 pointNicotinic receptors onlyMuscarinic and nicotinic receptorsMuscarinic receptors onlyAdrenergic receptors to allow cholinergic receptors to dominateWhich of the following suggestions would the nurse make to help a patient who is receiving an anticholinergic agent reduce the risks associated with decreased sweating?*1 pointCovering the head and using sunscreenEnsuring hydration and temperature controlChanging position slowly and protecting from the sunMonitoring for difficulty swallowing and breathingWhich of the following would the nurse be least likely to include when developing a teaching plan for a patient who is receiving an anticholinergic agent?*1 pointEncouraging the patient to void before dosingSetting up a bowel program to deal with constipationEncouraging the patient to use sugarless lozenges to combat dry mouthPerforming exercises to increase the heart rateRemembering that anticholinergics block the effects of PNS, the nurse would question an order for an anticholinergic drug for patients with which of the following conditions?*1 pointBiliary spasmsBradycardiaGlaucomaAsthmaThe nurse, caring for a client receiving a cholinergic drug, should observe for increased symptoms of which of the following processes?*1 pointHypertensionHeart failureCardiac dysrhythmiasAsthmaA client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease is prescribed donzepil (Aricept) for treatment. The client has a medical history of osteoarthritis and GERD. For what possible complications of this drug therapy should the nurse assess in the client?*1 pointTachycardiaBradycardiaAspirationMuscle painPyridostigmine (Mestinon) is prescribed for a client diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Priority nursing assessment includes assessing the:*1 pointAbility to chew and swallow.Vital signs.Urinary status.Bowel motility.The nurse provides preoperative teaching for a client on the side effects of atropine given as a preoperative medication. The nurse informs the client to expect:*1 pointDecreased heart rate.Dry mouth.Sedation.Increased urination.Anticholinergic drugs like atropine are given preoperatively to:*1 pointMinimize the amount of analgesia needed postoperatively.Provide a more rapid induction of anesthesiaDecrease the risk of bradycardia during surgery.Induce relaxation prior to induction of anesthesia.

Which one of the following statements regarding the drugs used for the lower gastrointestinal tract is correct?Group of answer choicesThe opioid loperimide (Imodium) does not cross the blood brain barrier, and so is less likely to cause habituation.Dopamine receptor antagonists decrease motility of the intestinal smooth muscle.Diarrhoea is a consequence of too little gut motility.Opioids such as codeine hasten the passage of intestinal contents by increasing smooth muscle activity.

Which of the following occurs during the defecation reflex?Multiple ChoiceInternal abdominal pressure is decreased.Abdominal wall muscles relax.Glottis is opened.Diaphragm is lowered.

A patient has the following symptoms. Difficulty in expelling faeces Infrequent bowel movementsThe patient is MOST likely to be suffering fromA. ulcer.B. typhoid.C. diarrhoea.D. constipation.