Which one of the following statements regarding the drugs used for the lower gastrointestinal tract is correct?Group of answer choicesThe opioid loperimide (Imodium) does not cross the blood brain barrier, and so is less likely to cause habituation.Dopamine receptor antagonists decrease motility of the intestinal smooth muscle.Diarrhoea is a consequence of too little gut motility.Opioids such as codeine hasten the passage of intestinal contents by increasing smooth muscle activity.
Question
Which one of the following statements regarding the drugs used for the lower gastrointestinal tract is correct?Group of answer choicesThe opioid loperimide (Imodium) does not cross the blood brain barrier, and so is less likely to cause habituation.Dopamine receptor antagonists decrease motility of the intestinal smooth muscle.Diarrhoea is a consequence of too little gut motility.Opioids such as codeine hasten the passage of intestinal contents by increasing smooth muscle activity.
Solution
The correct statement regarding the drugs used for the lower gastrointestinal tract is: "The opioid loperimide (Imodium) does not cross the blood brain barrier, and so is less likely to cause habituation."
This is because loperamide is a peripheral opioid receptor agonist that acts on the muscles in the wall of the gut to inhibit muscle contractions. This slows down the passage of the gut contents and allows more time for water and electrolytes to be absorbed back into the body, thereby reducing diarrhoea. Loperamide does not cross the blood-brain barrier effectively and therefore has a low potential for causing addiction or habituation.
The other statements are incorrect. Dopamine receptor antagonists do not decrease motility of the intestinal smooth muscle, they are used to control vomiting. Diarrhoea is not a consequence of too little gut motility, but rather too much. Opioids such as codeine do not hasten the passage of intestinal contents by increasing smooth muscle activity, they slow it down.
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