Describe TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of topical drug delivery for skin conditions.

TDDSs have advantages and disadvantages as drug delivery systems. Indicate which of the following is an advantage and which is a disadvantage of TDDSs. You will use each answer more than once. - they avoid gastrointestinal difficulties and the first-pass effect - treatment can be terminated by removing the patch and are non-invasive - relatively potent drugs are used - skin reaction or dermatitis can occur at the site of application - they are used when oral administration is not advisable A. disadvantage B. advantage

Match each term to the correct definition or description. - topical dermatological - transdermal product - ointments, creams, and gels - stratum corneum - suppository - solubility - elixir - disperse system A. solid dosage form in which active ingredients are dispersed in a suitable base and molded or shaped for insertion into a natural body opening to provide a local or systemic effect B. semisolid dosage forms intended for application topically: on the skin; in the eye or nostrils or other openings of the body, for local effect or systemic absorption C. the degree to which the cohesive forces holding a solute together are overcome by forces of attraction between the solute and the solvent molecules so the solute will be evenly dispersed in the solvent D. a clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solution administered orally, used as a vehicle for a drug or for the therapeutic effect of the API they contain E. mixture containing an undissolved or immiscible drug distributed throughout a vehicle; can be solid in liquid, liquid in liquid and gas in liquid F. product is designed to deliver API through the skin by percutaneous absorption to the general circulation, the skin is not the target organ G. keratinized layer of skin that is the main barrier to percutaneous absorption of transdermal drugs; it behaves like a semipermeable membrane, drug molecules penetrate it by passive diffusion H. product is administered onto and/or into the skin, the skin itself is the target organ

Diflucortolone valerate (Nerisone®) is used for the treatment of variable skin conditions which respond to topical corticoid therapy. It is available as ointment and cream (0.1%). In what type of skin conditions would each formulation be used and why?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three methods of enhancing the skin penetration of a percutaneously absorbed drug? A. electrophoresis B. chemical enhancers like acetone, DMSO or sodium lauryl sulfate C. sonophoresis D. iontophoresis

Before/After applying a dermatological product, the patient should be advised  to doall of the following except : Question 10AnswerUse a bandage over the product . Spread the product evenly using gentle pressure with the finger tips Wash the hands  thoroughly before application Thoroughly clean the affected area with soap and water and dry by  patting with a soft cloth.Wash the hands  thoroughly after application