According to Engels, what are the living conditions for the working class in Manchester, England during this time? Do you think these conditions were a "necessary evil" to industrial development? How do the Berlin Factory rules ensure worker discipline? How would you describe these rules and do you think they are necessary?What is the principle of the factory system according to Ure? Why are machines preferable to humans? Why did industrialism begin in Britain as opposed to elsewhere?

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1. Friedrich Engels, in his work "The Condition of the Working Class in England," described the living conditions of the working class in Manchester during the Industrial Revolution as extremely poor. Workers lived in overcrowded, unsanitary slums, and worked long hours in dangerous conditions. Child labor was also prevalent.

2. Whether these conditions were a "necessary evil" is subjective and depends on one's perspective. Some might argue that these harsh conditions were necessary for the rapid industrial development that occurred. However, others might argue that the human cost was too high and that industrial development could and should have been achieved in a more humane way.

3. The Berlin Factory rules were designed to ensure worker discipline by setting strict rules for behavior and punctuality, and imposing fines for infractions. These rules were harsh and restrictive, but some might argue that they were necessary to maintain order and productivity in the factories.

4. According to Andrew Ure, the principle of the factory system is to use machines to perform tasks more efficiently than humans could. Machines are preferable because they can work continuously without getting tired, they can perform tasks more accurately and consistently, and they don't require wages.

5. Industrialism began in Britain due to a combination of factors including the availability of coal and iron resources, a stable political system that supported economic growth, a large labor force due to population growth, and the development of new technologies and innovations. Other countries may not have had the same combination of factors, which is why industrialism began in Britain.