We examine how two sociological traditions account for the role of femininities in socialdomination. The masculinities tradition theorizes gender as an independent structureof domination; consequently, femininities that complement hegemonic masculinities aretreated as passively compliant in the reproduction of gender. In contrast, Patricia Hill Collinsviews cultural ideals of hegemonic femininity as simultaneously raced, classed, and gendered.This intersectional perspective allows us to recognize women striving to approximatehegemonic cultural ideals of femininity as actively complicit in reproducing a matrix ofdomination. We argue that hegemonic femininities reference a powerful location in thematrix from which some women draw considerable individual benefits (i.e., a femininitypremium) while shoring up collective benefits along other dimensions of advantage. In theprocess, they engage in intersectional domination of other women and even some men.Our analysis re-enforces the utility of analyzing femininities and masculinities from withinan intersectional feminist framework.Keywordsgender, femininities, masculinities, social inequality, intersectionalityThe Root, an online magazine of Black news, opinions, politics, and culture, published anarticle by writer Michael Harriot in 2017 defining “Becky” as “a white woman who uses herprivilege as a weapon, a ladder or an excuse” (Harriot 2017). He argued that “White woman-hood is a credit card with an unlimited balance. After all, if you are born with the ultimateprivilege of white womanhood, why not use it to your advantage?” Becky also made anappearance in Beyoncé’s 2016 song “Sorry,” in which she calls out “Becky with the goodhair.” Abigail Fisher, plaintiff in the 2016 anti-affirmative action case Fisher v. University ofTexas, was anointed “Becky with the bad grades” (Pettit 2016). Becky, and the earliercolloquial designation of “Miss Ann,” succinctly capture the idea that white women’s racismis gendered.1,21University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA2University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA3Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA4University of Maine, Orono, MECorresponding Author:Laura T. Hamilton, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.Email: [email protected]/0735275119888248Sociological TheoryHamilton et al.research-article2019

Masculinism is an ideology that emphasizes

Fill in the missing words in the following text about masculinity versus femininity:interpersonal - best - tolerance - comparative - gender - Italy - strict - status -Scandinavian - moneymaking - gender roles - highIn his third dimension, Geert Hofstede distinguishes between two opposite, so to speak“_________________________” characteristics of cultures. On the one hand there are femininecultures, which are primarily characterized by compassion, __________________, social orientationand a certain sympathy for the weaker. The _______________________ are not strictly separated inthese cultures - a man can also cry. An example of a feminine culture is the Dutch culture and the________________________ countries.Caring for ______________________ relationships, equality, solidarity and quality of working life,consideration and modesty, restraint, environmental protection and small-is-beautiful are thereforefeminine values of a dominant culture in which women are also allowed to make their contributionin _________________ positions.Masculine cultures, on the other hand, are more characterized by the “aggressive” traits: only the________________ counts, tolerance and compassion play a secondary role. Gender roles arerelatively ______________ separated. “Typically male” activities - bragging, showing off, visibleachievement of goals, ____________________ or big-is-beautiful are considered important. TheUSA, Japan, Germany and ___________________ are regarded as typical masculine cultures.TTTTFTTFF______________ is especially important in masculine cultures - aggressive sales behaviour at theexpense of others - such as ____________________ American-style advertising is mostly viewednegatively in feminine societies

a scholarly and stoic discourse on the role of masculinity and functions of man in a society and patriarchy of it

Masculinism is an ideology that emphasizes:Question 10Answera.Position of males as superior.b.Operations of global economyc.Ideas, attitudes and analysisd.Operations of global politics

Masculinity versus femininity focuses on the importance of achievement versus affiliation. In masculine societies, the following organizational implication/s is/are validGroup of answer choicessocial rewards are valuedsex roles are clearly differentiatedsoft, intuitive skills rewardedmore women in more qualified jobs