A 54‐year‐old man was diagnosed earlier today with acute myeloid leukaemia. Therapy has not yet been initiated. Which ONE of the following full blood count results is most likely in this patient? A Hb 140 g/L; WBC 270 × 109/L; platelets 100 × 109/L B Hb 90 g/L; WBC 2 × 109/L; platelets 140 × 109/L C Hb 90 g/L; WBC 27 × 109/L; platelets 10 × 109/L D Hb 140 g/L; WBC 270 × 109/L; platelets 940 × 109/L
Question
A 54‐year‐old man was diagnosed earlier today with acute myeloid leukaemia. Therapy has not yet been initiated. Which ONE of the following full blood count results is most likely in this patient? A Hb 140 g/L; WBC 270 × 109/L; platelets 100 × 109/L B Hb 90 g/L; WBC 2 × 109/L; platelets 140 × 109/L C Hb 90 g/L; WBC 27 × 109/L; platelets 10 × 109/L D Hb 140 g/L; WBC 270 × 109/L; platelets 940 × 109/L
Solution
The most likely full blood count result for a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) would be C: Hb 90 g/L; WBC 27 × 109/L; platelets 10 × 109/L.
Here's why:
AML is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and disrupts the production of normal blood cells.
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Hemoglobin (Hb): In AML, the production of red blood cells can be affected, leading to anemia. Therefore, a lower hemoglobin level (90 g/L) is expected.
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White Blood Cells (WBC): AML is characterized by the overproduction of immature white blood cells (blasts), which can crowd out the normal white blood cells in the bone marrow. However, these blasts are not effective in fighting infections like normal WBCs. So, the WBC count can be high (as in option A and D), normal, or even low depending on the number of healthy WBCs. In this case, a slightly elevated WBC count (27 × 109/L) is chosen as it's a common finding in AML.
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Platelets: AML can also affect the production of platelets, leading to thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). Therefore, a lower platelet count (10 × 109/L) is expected.
Options A, B, and D are less likely because they either show normal or high counts of Hb and platelets or extremely low WBC count, which are not typically seen in newly diagnosed AML patients.
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