Select the correct statements. (Note that there may be more than one correct statement.)Group of answer choicesIncreased sympathetic activity results in an increased activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, which profoundly increases heart rate and therefore cardiac output.Statins decrease plasma LDL concentration because they inhibit an enzyme that is involved in hepatic cholesterol synthesis.Systemic vasoconstriction increases total peripheral resistance and therefore increases mean arterial pressure, too.Hypertension damages endothelium and therefore accelerates the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
Question
Select the correct statements. (Note that there may be more than one correct statement.)Group of answer choicesIncreased sympathetic activity results in an increased activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, which profoundly increases heart rate and therefore cardiac output.Statins decrease plasma LDL concentration because they inhibit an enzyme that is involved in hepatic cholesterol synthesis.Systemic vasoconstriction increases total peripheral resistance and therefore increases mean arterial pressure, too.Hypertension damages endothelium and therefore accelerates the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
Solution
The correct statements are:
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"Statins decrease plasma LDL concentration because they inhibit an enzyme that is involved in hepatic cholesterol synthesis." This is correct. Statins work by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a central role in the production of cholesterol in the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme, statins can lower LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels.
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"Systemic vasoconstriction increases total peripheral resistance and therefore increases mean arterial pressure, too." This is correct. When the blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction), the space inside the vessels decreases, which increases the resistance to blood flow. This increased resistance can lead to an increase in blood pressure.
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"Hypertension damages endothelium and therefore accelerates the development of atherosclerotic plaques." This is correct. High blood pressure (hypertension) can damage the endothelium, the inner lining of the arteries. This damage can lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which can narrow or block the arteries and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
The statement "Increased sympathetic activity results in an increased activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, which profoundly increases heart rate and therefore cardiac output." is not entirely correct. While increased sympathetic activity does increase the activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, this primarily results in vasoconstriction, not an increase in heart rate. The β1 adrenoreceptors are more involved in increasing heart rate and cardiac output.
Similar Questions
Select the correct statements. (Note that there may be more than one correct statement.)Group of answer choicesStatins decrease plasma LDL concentration because they inhibit an enzyme that is involved in hepatic cholesterol synthesis.Systemic vasoconstriction increases total peripheral resistance and therefore increases mean arterial pressure, too.Increased sympathetic activity results in an increased activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, which profoundly increases heart rate and therefore cardiac output.Hypertension damages endothelium and therefore accelerates the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
Statins are widely used to reduce blood cholesterol levels by slowing down the rate of fatty material deposits. A reported side effect of taking statins is that they also reduce blood pressure. A sample of patients with high blood cholesterol was offered statins as treatment. Their blood pressure was taken before treatment started and at weekly intervals.Table 2 shows the percentage of patients with lower blood pressure several weeks after starting treatment. 440 patients took statins and 300 patients took a placebo (not statins).Explain the conclusion that statins reduce blood pressure.
Statins are medicines which reduce blood cholesterol levels. Different medicines, called ACEinhibitors, can reduce blood pressure.Suggest why statins and ACE inhibitors are only given to individuals with high cholesterol orblood pressure........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ [2](c) Scientists wanted to know if taking statins and ACE inhibitors would reduce the risk ofdeveloping CVD in people with average blood pressure. The scientists recorded the bloodpressure and age of every person who took part in the study.(i) Suggest one more piece of information that would be useful to know about the peoplein the study....................................................................................................................................... [1](ii) The people taking part in the study were put in two groups. One group was given aplacebo. The other group was given statins and ACE inhibitors.Explain why it was ethical to use a placebo in this study........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ [2]
Statins may be prescribed to anyone at risk of cardiovascular disease. They work by:Breaking down cholesterolIncreasing the production of cholesterol by the liverReducing the production of cholesterol by the liverSuppressing the immune system
How does CVD affect the cardiovascular system?
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