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What is the average kinetic energy of any substance at 0 K?

Question

What is the average kinetic energy of any substance at 0 K?

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Solution

The average kinetic energy of any substance at 0 K (absolute zero) is zero. This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. At absolute zero, theoretically, the particles have minimal motion, thus no kinetic energy. However, due to quantum mechanical effects, particles still possess some minimal, non-zero energy, known as zero-point energy. But for all practical purposes, the average kinetic energy is considered to be zero.

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