Melissa, a medical student, noticed a small lump in her neck while putting on a necklace during her honeymoon.  Following ultrasound imaging and biopsy of her thyroid, she was diagnosed with thyroid cancer and underwent thyroidectomy (surgical removal of the thyroid gland).  During the procedure, Melissa's surgeon removed her entire thyroid gland while avoiding nearby blood vessels and nerves in her neck.  In addition, the surgeon cut her parathyroid glands into smaller pieces and embedded them in the sternocleidomastoid muscles of her neck.Following the surgery, Melissa was prescribed daily calcitriol (the most active form of vitamin D) and levothyroxine (synthetic thyroid hormone).  The levothyroxine was prescribed at a dose intended to result in hyperthyroidism (ie, a thyroid hormone concentration that is above the normal range).  Such dosing has been shown to slow the growth of some types of thyroid cancer cells that may remain after surgery.  After a week, Melissa's daily calcitriol was replaced with a less active form of vitamin D.At a follow-up visit, Melissa asked her endocrinologist whether her levothyroxine dose would need to be adjusted if she became pregnant.  In addition, she expressed concerns about her long-term bone health and asked about obtaining a prescription for calcitonin.  During their discussion of bone health, Melissa's endocrinologist discussed a clinical trial in which women with below-normal bone density were treated with daily injections of either placebo or parathyroid hormone (PTH).  The PTH injections were designed to result in a short-lived peak in blood PTH concentration and were accompanied by increases in hip and spine bone density of 44 mg/cm2 and 80 mg/cm2, respectively.Biello A, Kinberg EC, Wirtz ED. Thyroidectomy. [Updated 2022 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Question 6During a follow-up visit after her thyroidectomy, Melissa asked to be prescribed calcitonin along with her other medications and supplements.  She likely made this request because:Hyperthyroidism can lead to excessive stimulation of many processes, including bone resorption.Calcitonin promotes iodine use for parathyroid hormone production.Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland.Calcitriol is the most active form of vitamin D for stimulating intestinal calcium absorption.A.I and II onlyB.III and IV onlyC.I, II, and III onlyD.I, III, and IV only

In the years before having her thyroid gland removed, a temporary decrease in Melissa's circulating thyroid hormone concentrations would have caused a compensatory response.  Within the endocrine axis that includes thyroid hormone, which tissue(s) would respond to a temporary reduction in thyroid hormone concentration?A.Hypothalamus onlyB.Adrenal onlyC.Pituitary onlyD.Hypothalamus and pituitarySubmit

Kristin discovers a lump in her neck. Upon examination, her physician determines it’s a tumor of the thyroid and performs a complete removal. Which of the following is a hormone Kristin will need to be supplemented with?Multiple ChoiceCalcitoninCholecalciferolTriiodothyronineThyroxine

The nurse is caring for a client with a confirmed pregnancy in her first trimester with hyperthyroidism. The nurse anticipates the physician will prescribeA. levothyroxine.B. calcitriol.C. methimazole.D. propylthiouracil (PTU).

1. Which of the following is not allowed after thyroidectomy?*1 pointA. SwallowingB. ReadingC. hyperextending the neckD. going to the bathroomSituation 1: Linda a 65-year-old widow was rushed to the emergency for severe headache and hypertension. Endocrinologist diagnosed Linda with Cushing’s disease. The following questions refers to this situation:2. Which of the following is the primary cause of hyperaldosteronism? *1 pointA. Excessive sodium intakeB. A pituitary adenomaC. Deficient potassium intakeD. An adrenal tumor3.  Which of the following manifestation should the nurse expect in client with Cushing’s disease just like with Linda except?*1 pointA. buffalo humpB. moonfaceC. truncal obesityD. weight gain of the extremities4. Linda asks the nurse what food she should eat to prevent complications brought by her disease. The nurse would be correct by suggesting that Linda should consume the following except:*1 pointA. apple and avoid potato chipsB. eggplant and avoid salted fish pasteC. grapes and avoid dried fishD. canned goods and avoid raw foods5. Linda is schedule for surgical incision of the tumor that causes her overproduction of steroids. The nurse should that the surgical procedure that should be done to Linda could be:*1 pointA. Frontal boring hypophysectomyB. hypophysectomyC. AdrenalectomyD. Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy6. To prevent complication post-op the nurse should position Linda to:*1 pointA. Semi fowler’sB. High fowler’sC. flat in bedD. Supine7. The nurse should closely observe for common complications after the surgical incision of the tumor except:*1 pointA. increase intracranial pressureB. diabetes insipidusC. tracheal compressionD. rhinorrhea8. The nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who exhibits confusion, light-headedness, and aberrant behavior. The client is still conscious. The nurse should first administer: *1 pointA. 15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as orange juice.B. I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%.C. I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon.D. 10 U of fast-acting insulin.Situation 2: Lando a 44 male teacher, was admitted to Hospital ng Dumangas with anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, the inability to concentrate, and eyes feeling "gritty". Thyroid function tests reveal the following: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.02 U/ml, thyroxine 20 g/dl, and triiodothyronine 253 ng/dl. A 6-hr radioactive iodine uptake test showed a diffuse uptake of 85%. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse would suspect that Lando’s case could be hyperthyroidism. The following questions refer to this situation:9. Autoimmune type of hyperthyroidism is also known as:*1 pointA. ThyroiditisB. Hashimoto's thyroiditisC. Graves' diseaseD. Multinodular goiter10. The nurse explains to Lando with thyroid disease that the thyroid gland normally produces except?*1 pointA. Tri-iodotyronineB. Thytroid releasing hormoneC. CalcitoninD. Thyroxine11. Hyperthyroidism is caused by increased levels of thyroid hormones in blood plasma which causes:*1 pointA. Increase oxygenation of cells and organsB. Increase hydration of cells and organsC. Decrease oxygenation of cells and organsD. Decrease hydration of cells and organs12. in assessing the the condition of the thyroid gland, which of the following is not included?*1 pointA. InspectionB. PercussionC. AuscultationD. Palpation13. The nurse is assessing Lando. What findings should the nurse expect? SATA:A. Weight gainB. Constipation C. Lethargy D. DiarrheaE. Fine tremorsF. IrritabilityG. Heat intoleranceH. Hypertension I. ExophthalmosJ. Cold intolerance K. tachycardia*1 pointA. ABCDB. GHIJC. ALL OF THE ABOVED. DEFGHIK14. Based on history and physical findings, examination of Lando reveals exophthalmos, a classic sign of Graves' disease. To prevent complications caused by exopthalmus the nurse is aware that:*1 pointA. Patching both eyes during day time is necessary to protect them from UV raysB. Sunglasses should be worn with day time activitiesC. Applying topical steroids to prevent inflammationD. Providing day time naps will help lessen eye irritation and itching15. hen caring for Lando who's being treated for hyperthyroidism, it's important to: *1 pointA. provide extra blankets and clothing to keep the client warmB. monitor signs of restlessness, and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapyC. balance the client's periods of activity and restD. encourage the client to be active to prevent constipation

What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?Multiple ChoiceLow blood level of calciumA tumorA traumatic injurySurgical removal of the thyroid gland