An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a medical device used to send an electric shock to the heart after cardiac arrest.  A key component of the AED is the power source, or battery.  Batteries used in AEDs need to have a good charge-to-weight ratio; they must be safe and reliable as well as rechargeable.Two types of rechargeable batteries used in early models of AEDs are the lead storage (also called lead-acid) battery and the nickel-cadmium (NiCd) battery.  These batteries consist of multiple electrochemical cells that are connected in series to deliver an electric potential between 9 V and 18 V.  A capacitor allows the AED to accumulate charge so that it can deliver between 300 V and 1,000 V.Some AEDs use a sealed lead storage battery.  Lead storage batteries are robust and hold a charge for a long time; however, they have a low energy-to-weight ratio.  Each lead storage unit has a cell potential Ecell of approximately 2.0 V, and a battery of four cells weighing 1,000 g can provide 30 W∙h of energy when discharged.Figure 1  Electron flow in a lead storage battery when discharging and chargingThe half-reactions for the anode and cathode of a discharging lead storage battery in 4 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are shown in Reactions 1 and 2, respectively:Pb(s)+HSO−4(aq)→PbSO4(s)+H+(aq)+2 e−Pb𝑠+HSO4-aq→PbSO4𝑠+H+aq+2 e-Reaction 1PbO2(s)+HSO−4(aq)+3 H+(aq)+2 e−→PbSO4(s)+2 H2O(l)PbO2s+HSO4-aq+3 H+aq+2 e-→PbSO4𝑠+2 H2O𝑙Reaction 2NiCd batteries have a greater energy-to-weight ratio than lead storage batteries but cannot hold as much charge.  Each NiCd cell has an Ecell of approximately 1.3 V, and a single-cell battery weighing 120 g can provide 7.2 W∙h of energy when discharged.The half-reactions at the anode and cathode for a discharging NiCd battery in KOH(aq) are shown in Reactions 3 and 4, respectively:Cd(s)+2 OH−(aq)→Cd(OH)2(s)+2 e−Cd𝑠+2 OH-aq→CdOH2𝑠+2 𝑒-Reaction 32 NiO2(s)+2 H2O(l)+2 e−→2 Ni(OH)2(s)+2 OH−(aq)2 NiO2s+2 H2O𝑙+2 e-→2 NiOH2𝑠+2 OH-aqReaction 4 Question 14The passage states that a typical single-cell NiCd battery has an average cell potential of 1.3 V when discharged.  To charge a single-cell NiCd battery, the applied external potential must be:A.greater than 1.3 V.B.equal to 1.3 V.C.less than −1.3 V.D.equal to −1.3 V.

What does an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) do?

what is an AED: , and what medical condition is it used for: ?

Question 1 (2 points)If alone, once you have turned on the AED you should: aGive abdominal thrusts. bGive chest compressions. cApply the pads & allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm. dCheck for movement & breathing.Question 2 (2 points)When a cardiac arrest occurs & an AED becomes available, it should be used as soon as possible. True FalseQuestion 3 (2 points)Which of the following statements about defibrillation is true? aIt is not a link in the Cardiac Chain of survival. bIt is commonly used on a person complaining of chest pain. cIt is more likely to be successful if CPR is withheld. dIt is an electrical shock that may help the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm.Question 4 (2 points)What should you do before the AED analyzes the heart rhythm? aensure that no one, including you, is touching the person. bensure that the head-tilt/jaw-thrust is maintained. censure that the person is breathing. dnone of the above.Question 5 (2 points)When are the benefits of early CPR & early defibrillation when a person is in cardiac arrest? aThey can eliminate the need for advanced medical care. bThey can reduce responder fatigue. cThey can give the person the best chance for surviving cardiac arrest. dAll of the above.Question 6 (2 points)Why is it important to stand clear & not touch the person while the AED is analyzing or defribrillating? aYou might prevent the AED from analyzing the heart rhythm properly. bBoth b & c cYou or someone else could be injured by the shock. dThe AED will turn itself off.Question 7 (2 points)If the AED pads risk touching each other such as with a small child or an infant you should: aPlace them as usual. It does not matter if the pads touch each other. bReverse the pads' position on the chest. cPlace on pad in the middle of the chest & the other on the back. dPlace one pad on the stomach & one pad on the chest.Question 8 (2 points)When preparing an AED for use, what is the FIRST thing you should do? aStand clear. bTurn on the AED. cDeliver a shock. dPerform 5 minutes of CPR.Question 9 (2 points)The AED pads should normally be placed on: aThe upper right chest & lower left sides of the chest. bThe upper right & upper left sides of the chest. cThe upper left & lower right sides of the chest. dThe chest & stomach.Question 10 (2 points)If, during the second analysis, the AED prompts "no shock advised," you should: aresume CPR until the AED reanalyzes or you find an obvious sign of life. bcheck the pad placement on the person's chest. creset the AED by turning it off for 10 seconds. dunplug the connector from the machine.

Schools are now required to report anytime an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is utilized in conjunction with a UIL practice and/or competition. True False

Even if you have no training in cardiac rhythm recognition, you should still use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) in a cardiac arrest situation if available.a. Trueb. False