Why is aniline less basic than ammonia ?Explain
Question
Why is aniline less basic than ammonia ?Explain
Solution
Aniline is less basic than ammonia due to the presence of an electron-withdrawing group on the nitrogen atom in aniline. In ammonia, the nitrogen atom is only bonded to three hydrogen atoms, making it a stronger base. However, in aniline, the nitrogen atom is bonded to a benzene ring, which contains a delocalized pi electron system. This pi electron system withdraws electron density from the nitrogen atom, making it less available to donate a lone pair of electrons and therefore reducing its basicity. Additionally, the benzene ring in aniline can also stabilize any positive charge that may form on the nitrogen atom, further decreasing its basicity compared to ammonia.
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